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سورة الأنفال
The Spoils of War
Al-Anfaal | Sura # 8 | 75 verses | Madinan
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
In the name of Allah, the Most Compassionate and Most Merciful
وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَىٰ وَالْيَتَامَىٰ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ آمَنْتُمْ بِاللَّهِ وَمَا أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَىٰ عَبْدِنَا يَوْمَ الْفُرْقَانِ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى الْجَمْعَانِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ٤١
8:41 And know that anything you obtain in war spoils, for Allah is one fifth of it, and for the Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) and for (his) near relatives, and the orphans, the needy, and the (stranded) traveler, if you have believed in Allah and in that which We sent down to Our Servant (Apostle Mohammad ﷺ) on the decisive day (at Badr) when two armies had met; and Allah has power over all things.
The above verse stipulates that Muslim soldiers should deposit the spoils of war with the commander without concealing anything. One fifth of the spoils that is deposited would be used for the purposes mentioned in the verse and the remaining will be distributed among the soldiers who had taken part in the battle.
إِذْ أَنْتُمْ بِالْعُدْوَةِ الدُّنْيَا وَهُمْ بِالْعُدْوَةِ الْقُصْوَىٰ وَالرَّكْبُ أَسْفَلَ مِنْكُمْ ۚ وَلَوْ تَوَاعَدْتُمْ لَاخْتَلَفْتُمْ فِي الْمِيعَادِ ۙ وَلَٰكِنْ لِيَقْضِيَ اللَّهُ أَمْرًا كَانَ مَفْعُولًا لِيَهْلِكَ مَنْ هَلَكَ عَنْ بَيِّنَةٍ وَيَحْيَىٰ مَنْ حَيَّ عَنْ بَيِّنَةٍ ۗ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَسَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ٤٢
8:42 (Remember) when you were on the near side of the valley, and they were on the farther side, and the caravan was lower (in position) than you. Had you made an agreement between one another, you would have failed to reach on the appointed time. But (it was) so that Allah might accomplish a matter already destined, that those who perished (through disbelief) would perish upon evidence and those who lived (in faith) would live upon evidence; and indeed, Allah is All Hearing and All Knowing.
إِذْ يُرِيكَهُمُ اللَّهُ فِي مَنَامِكَ قَلِيلًا ۖ وَلَوْ أَرَاكَهُمْ كَثِيرًا لَفَشِلْتُمْ وَلَتَنَازَعْتُمْ فِي الْأَمْرِ وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ سَلَّمَ ۗ إِنَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُورِ٤٣
8:43 (O' Prophet ﷺ) Allah used to show the disbelievers in your dream as only a few. And (O' Muslims), had He shown them to you as many, you would have certainly lost courage and disputed over the affair, but Allah rescued (you); indeed He knows what lies within the hearts.
وَإِذْ يُرِيكُمُوهُمْ إِذِ الْتَقَيْتُمْ فِي أَعْيُنِكُمْ قَلِيلًا وَيُقَلِّلُكُمْ فِي أَعْيُنِهِمْ لِيَقْضِيَ اللَّهُ أَمْرًا كَانَ مَفْعُولًا ۗ وَإِلَى اللَّهِ تُرْجَعُ الْأُمُورُ٤٤
8:44 When you faced them He made (the enemy) seem few to you in numbers, and made you appear fewer in their eyes, (it was) so that Allah could accomplish what had been decreed; for all things rest with Allah.
The above verses are related to the battle of Badr.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا لَقِيتُمْ فِئَةً فَاثْبُتُوا وَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ كَثِيرًا لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ٤٥
8:45 O' believers, when you meet an army, stand firm, and think of Allah a great deal that you may be blessed with success.
وَأَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَلَا تَنَازَعُوا فَتَفْشَلُوا وَتَذْهَبَ رِيحُكُمْ ۖ وَاصْبِرُوا ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الصَّابِرِينَ٤٦
8:46 And obey Allah and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم), and do not dispute with one another for you will lose courage again and your strength will be lost, and patiently endure; indeed Allah is with those who are patient.
وَلَا تَكُونُوا كَالَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ بَطَرًا وَرِئَاءَ النَّاسِ وَيَصُدُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَ مُحِيطٌ٤٧
8:47 And do not be like those who came out from their homes proudly, to be seen by men, and they prevent people from Allah’s way. Allah encompasses all they do.
The above verse is related to the Makkan pagans who came out of their homes for the battle of Badr proudly. They were accompanied by singing and dancing women. Whenever the army halted, dancing and drinking parties were held. Also the army arrogantly showed off its military power and numerical strength in front of the tribes that fell on their way. They were not fighting for the sake of any moral ideals, rather, they wanted to eliminate Muslims who stood for worship of the creator of this Cosmos and to enforce justice and equality among the people of the world. Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) is cautioning Muslims not to behave like disbelievers.
وَإِذْ زَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ أَعْمَالَهُمْ وَقَالَ لَا غَالِبَ لَكُمُ الْيَوْمَ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَإِنِّي جَارٌ لَكُمْ ۖ فَلَمَّا تَرَاءَتِ الْفِئَتَانِ نَكَصَ عَلَىٰ عَقِبَيْهِ وَقَالَ إِنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِنْكُمْ إِنِّي أَرَىٰ مَا لَا تَرَوْنَ إِنِّي أَخَافُ اللَّهَ ۚ وَاللَّهُ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ٤٨
8:48 Satan made their deeds look alluring to them, and said, 'None will prevail over you this day, for I shall be near at hand.' Yet when the two armies appeared face to face, he turned back and fled, saying, 'I can't be with you, for I can see what you cannot perceive. I fear Allah, as His punishment is severe.'
The above verse confirms that Satan accompanied the Makkan Pagans' army and encouraged them for the battle at Badr. However, when the two armies met on the battle field, he saw Jibreel (عليه السلام) and the angels helping Muslims. The sight frightened him and he ran away saying 'you cannot see what I am seeing' and he is aware that Allah's (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) punishment is severe.
إِذْ يَقُولُ الْمُنَافِقُونَ وَالَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ غَرَّ هَٰؤُلَاءِ دِينُهُمْ ۗ وَمَنْ يَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ٤٩
8:49 When the hypocrites and those in whose hearts is a disease were saying, 'These Muslims are proud of their religion'. Whoever trusts Allah, then indeed Allah is Almighty and Wise.
Looking at the small number of people without any armory getting ready to confront the mighty Makkan Pagans who were trained and armed to the teeth, the hypocrites of Madina and the people who only cared for worldly interests, said to one another that the religious passion of Muslims is driving them to annihilation. They were sure that the Muslims will face total rout in the hands of Makkan Pagans at Badr.
وَلَوْ تَرَىٰ إِذْ يَتَوَفَّى الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ۙ الْمَلَائِكَةُ يَضْرِبُونَ وُجُوهَهُمْ وَأَدْبَارَهُمْ وَذُوقُوا عَذَابَ الْحَرِيقِ٥٠
8:50 And if you could but see when the angels take the souls of those who disbelieved; they are striking their faces and their backs and (saying), 'Taste the punishment of the Burning Fire.'
ذَٰلِكَ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ لَيْسَ بِظَلَّامٍ لِلْعَبِيدِ٥١
8:51 This is the recompense of what your own hands have sent ahead. Allah is surely not unjust to His creatures.
كَدَأْبِ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ ۙ وَالَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ ۚ كَفَرُوا بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ فَأَخَذَهُمُ اللَّهُ بِذُنُوبِهِمْ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَوِيٌّ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ٥٢
8:52 Their case is like that of Pharaoh´s people, and of those before them, who denied the revelations of Allah, and were punished for their sins, and Allah is all powerful and His punishment is severe.
ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَكُ مُغَيِّرًا نِعْمَةً أَنْعَمَهَا عَلَىٰ قَوْمٍ حَتَّىٰ يُغَيِّرُوا مَا بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ ۙ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ٥٣
8:53 Allah does not withdraw a favor bestowed upon a nation unless they change themselves, for Allah is All Hearing and All Knowing.
كَدَأْبِ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ ۙ وَالَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ ۚ كَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِ رَبِّهِمْ فَأَهْلَكْنَاهُمْ بِذُنُوبِهِمْ وَأَغْرَقْنَا آلَ فِرْعَوْنَ ۚ وَكُلٌّ كَانُوا ظَالِمِينَ٥٤
8:54 This was the case with the people of Pharaoh and those before them, who rejected the signs of their Lord and were destroyed for their sins, and We drowned the people of Pharaoh as they were oppressors.
إِنَّ شَرَّ الدَّوَابِّ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ٥٥
8:55 Verily the worst of creatures in the sight of Allah are those who deny (the truth), and will not believe.
الَّذِينَ عَاهَدْتَ مِنْهُمْ ثُمَّ يَنْقُضُونَ عَهْدَهُمْ فِي كُلِّ مَرَّةٍ وَهُمْ لَا يَتَّقُونَ٥٦
8:56 As for those with whom you have made a treaty and who abrogate it every time, and they do not fear Allah.
The above verse is related to Jews. After migrating to Madina, the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) had made a treaty for mutual cooperation with Jewish tribes in Madina. And based on the treaty, he maintained cordial relations with them. However, the Jewish clergy was not comfortable with the spread of Islamic teachings. They secretly collaborated with hypocrites and tried to inflame the old animosities between various tribes of Madina. They also hatched several conspiracies against Muslims in collaboration with Makkan Pagans and other neighboring tribes.
The Jews were confident that Muslims will not be able to survive the Battle of Badr. However, when the outcome of Badr was against their expectations, they became more spiteful. Their chiefs secretly visited Makkan pagans and incited them to take revenge. Their actions became more open and brazen in violations of the treaties they had made with Muslims.
فَإِمَّا تَثْقَفَنَّهُمْ فِي الْحَرْبِ فَشَرِّدْ بِهِمْ مَنْ خَلْفَهُمْ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَذَّكَّرُونَ٥٧
8:57 If you meet them in battle, inflict on them such a defeat as would be a lesson for those who come after them, and that they may be warned.
In view of the consistent violations of the treaties, Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) absolved Muslims of all obligations of the treaty.
وَإِمَّا تَخَافَنَّ مِنْ قَوْمٍ خِيَانَةً فَانْبِذْ إِلَيْهِمْ عَلَىٰ سَوَاءٍ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ الْخَائِنِينَ٥٨
8:58 If you apprehend treachery from a people (with whom you have a treaty), retaliate by breaking off (the treaty) with them, for Allah does not like those who are treacherous.
The verse clarifies that citing the violations, the Muslims should publicly declare the break up the treaty and then actions should be taken accordingly. This is necessary for both parties to know that the treaty is over.
It is in Hadith - The Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) laid down a basic rule of Islamic international law, saying : 'whoever is bound by treaty with a people should not dissolve it until either its term expires, or he flings it at them (publicly declares that it had been annulled).' (Abu Da'ud, Musnad Ahmad, etc.)
In case the other party's blatant actions are exposed and they realized that their treaty with Muslims stands annulled because of their actions and they publicly accept these violations, in such a scenario, Muslims need not have to come forward and publicly annul the treaty as it has already been annulled by the other party. In such a scenario, they can unilaterally take whatever action is deemed necessary. This is what had happened in the case of the treaty of Hudaibiya. After the treaty of Hudaibiya was violated by Makkan Pagans, their leader Abu Sufyan (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ) who had not accepted Islam then, visited Madina to renew the treaty. In view of their consistent violations, the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) did not accede to his request. Later Muslims invaded Makka and took it over without shedding a drop of blood.
وَلَا يَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا سَبَقُوا ۚ إِنَّهُمْ لَا يُعْجِزُونَ٥٩
8:59 And let not those who disbelieve think that they can bypass. Verily, they will never be able to save themselves (from divine wrath).
وَأَعِدُّوا لَهُمْ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ قُوَّةٍ وَمِنْ رِبَاطِ الْخَيْلِ تُرْهِبُونَ بِهِ عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ وَعَدُوَّكُمْ وَآخَرِينَ مِنْ دُونِهِمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَهُمُ اللَّهُ يَعْلَمُهُمْ ۚ وَمَا تُنْفِقُوا مِنْ شَيْءٍ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ يُوَفَّ إِلَيْكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ لَا تُظْلَمُونَ٦٠
8:60 Prepare against them whatever arms and cavalry you can muster, that you may strike terror in (the hearts of) the enemies of Allah and your own, and others besides them not known to you, but known to Allah. Whatever you spend in the way of Allah will be paid back to you in full, and no wrong will be done to you.
Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) is commanding Muslims to be prepared fully for any battle with the enemies of Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) and their enemies. Often military preparedness helps in avoiding wars. It helps to keep the enemies at bay and does not allow the conspirators to create anarchy in the land.
وَإِنْ جَنَحُوا لِلسَّلْمِ فَاجْنَحْ لَهَا وَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ ۚ إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ٦١
8:61 If they incline toward peace, then you also incline toward it, and have trust in Allah. Indeed He is All Hearing, All Knowing.
وَإِنْ يُرِيدُوا أَنْ يَخْدَعُوكَ فَإِنَّ حَسْبَكَ اللَّهُ ۚ هُوَ الَّذِي أَيَّدَكَ بِنَصْرِهِ وَبِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ٦٢
8:62 If they try to deceive you, Allah is indeed sufficient for you. It is He who has strengthened you with His help and with believers.
وَأَلَّفَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ ۚ لَوْ أَنْفَقْتَ مَا فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعًا مَا أَلَّفْتَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ أَلَّفَ بَيْنَهُمْ ۚ إِنَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ٦٣
8:63 Whose (believers') hearts He united with love. If you were to spend the wealth of the whole earth, it would not have been possible to unite their hearts, but Allah united them with love, for He is Almighty and All Wise.
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ حَسْبُكَ اللَّهُ وَمَنِ اتَّبَعَكَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ٦٤
8:64 O Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) Allah is sufficient for you and for the believers who follow you.
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ حَرِّضِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَى الْقِتَالِ ۚ إِنْ يَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ عِشْرُونَ صَابِرُونَ يَغْلِبُوا مِائَتَيْنِ ۚ وَإِنْ يَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ مِائَةٌ يَغْلِبُوا أَلْفًا مِنَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لَا يَفْقَهُونَ٦٥
8:65 O Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم), motivate the believers for battle. If there are among you twenty steadfast, they will overcome two hundred. And if there are among you one hundred steadfast, they will overcome a thousand of those who have disbelieved because they are a people who do not understand.
Qur'an declares that a believer with good understanding and strong faith is ten times stronger than an unbeliever. It is because, the believer understands the truth, has faith in Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) and walks on the straight path.
الْآنَ خَفَّفَ اللَّهُ عَنْكُمْ وَعَلِمَ أَنَّ فِيكُمْ ضَعْفًا ۚ فَإِنْ يَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ مِائَةٌ صَابِرَةٌ يَغْلِبُوا مِائَتَيْنِ ۚ وَإِنْ يَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ أَلْفٌ يَغْلِبُوا أَلْفَيْنِ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ مَعَ الصَّابِرِينَ٦٦
8:66 For the present, Allah has lightened your (task), for He knows that there is a weak spot in you: But (even so), if there are a hundred of you, patient and persevering, they will vanquish two hundred, and if a thousand, they will vanquish two thousand, with the leave of Allah. Allah is with those who patiently persevere.
Surely, a Sahih-ul-Aqeedah Muslim is ten times stronger than an unbeliever. However, it is important that the believer has to be trained physically in warfare and should have the maturity of understanding Islamic teachings.
This verse is related to new converts of Islam. Being recent converts, they need to develop strong faith and physical training. Even in their case, they are declared to be twice as brave and effective than their non believing enemies.
مَا كَانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ أَسْرَىٰ حَتَّىٰ يُثْخِنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ ۚ تُرِيدُونَ عَرَضَ الدُّنْيَا وَاللَّهُ يُرِيدُ الْآخِرَةَ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ٦٧
8:67 It is not for any prophet to take prisoners before he has subdued the land. (Some among you) desire the materials of this world, but Allah desires the Hereafter. Allah is All Strong and All Wise.
لَوْلَا كِتَابٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ سَبَقَ لَمَسَّكُمْ فِيمَا أَخَذْتُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ٦٨
8:68 (Had you people taken captives) before being allowed by Allah's revelations, a great punishment would have struck you for what has been done.
فَكُلُوا مِمَّا غَنِمْتُمْ حَلَالًا طَيِّبًا ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ٦٩
8:69 (But since such a decree has already come) now enjoy as lawful and pure and wholesome of what you have obtained (as gains of war and ransom); and keep (utmost) righteousness in all your actions. Surely Allah is All-Forgiving, All-Compassionate.
The following verse was revealed earlier than the battle of Badr in which it was made lawful to take captives of war for ransom provided the non believers are defeated decisively and routed completely in the battle.
It is in Quran - فَإِذَا لَقِيتُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَضَرْبَ الرِّقَابِ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا أَثْخَنتُمُوهُمْ فَشُدُّوا الْوَثَاقَ فَإِمَّا مَنًّا بَعْدُ وَإِمَّا فِدَاءً حَتَّىٰ تَضَعَ الْحَرْبُ أَوْزَارَهَا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ وَلَوْ يَشَاءُ اللَّهُ لَانتَصَرَ مِنْهُمْ وَلَـٰكِن لِّيَبْلُوَ بَعْضَكُم بِبَعْضٍ ۗ وَالَّذِينَ قُتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَلَن يُضِلَّ أَعْمَالَهُمْ [ So when you meet those who disbelieve (in battle), strike (their) necks until, when you have inflicted slaughter upon them, then secure their bonds, and either (confer) favor afterwards or ransom (them) until the war lays down its burdens. That (is the command). And if Allah had willed, He could have taken vengeance upon Himself, but (He ordered armed struggle) to test some of you by means of others. And those who are killed in the cause of Allah, never will He waste their deeds. ] (Mohammad - 4)
Thus, it was lawful for Muslims at the time of battle of Badr to take captives for ransom. However, the other condition of a total rout was yet to be achieved by them. The Makkan Pagans lost the battle and retreated and ran away from the battle field but were not completely routed. In the above verses, Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) is cautioning Muslims to make sure (in future) to take captives only when the enemy is totally routed.
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ قُلْ لِمَنْ فِي أَيْدِيكُمْ مِنَ الْأَسْرَىٰ إِنْ يَعْلَمِ اللَّهُ فِي قُلُوبِكُمْ خَيْرًا يُؤْتِكُمْ خَيْرًا مِمَّا أُخِذَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ٧٠
8:70 (O Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم), tell the captives you have taken, 'if Allah finds some good in your hearts, He will reward you with something better than was taken away from you, and forgive your sins, for Allah is All Forgiving, Most Merciful.
وَإِنْ يُرِيدُوا خِيَانَتَكَ فَقَدْ خَانُوا اللَّهَ مِنْ قَبْلُ فَأَمْكَنَ مِنْهُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ٧١
8:71 And if they betray you, they have indeed betrayed Allah before, so He gave you control over them, for Allah is All Knowing and All Wise.
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَهَاجَرُوا وَجَاهَدُوا بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَالَّذِينَ آوَوْا وَنَصَرُوا أُولَٰئِكَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءُ بَعْضٍ ۚ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَلَمْ يُهَاجِرُوا مَا لَكُمْ مِنْ وَلَايَتِهِمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ حَتَّىٰ يُهَاجِرُوا ۚ وَإِنِ اسْتَنْصَرُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ فَعَلَيْكُمُ النَّصْرُ إِلَّا عَلَىٰ قَوْمٍ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ مِيثَاقٌ ۗ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ٧٢
8:72 Indeed, those who have believed and emigrated and fought with their wealth and lives in the cause of Allah and those who gave shelter and aided, are guardians of one another. But those who believed and did not emigrate, for you there is no guardianship of them until they emigrate. And if they seek help from you for the religion, then you must help, except against a people between yourselves and whom is a treaty. And Allah is Seeing of what you do.
وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءُ بَعْضٍ ۚ إِلَّا تَفْعَلُوهُ تَكُنْ فِتْنَةٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَفَسَادٌ كَبِيرٌ٧٣
8:73 Those who disbelieve, they are friends and protectors of one another. Unless you also do it (become guardians of each other) there will be unrest on the earth and great corruption.
وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَهَاجَرُوا وَجَاهَدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَالَّذِينَ آوَوْا وَنَصَرُوا أُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ حَقًّا ۚ لَهُمْ مَغْفِرَةٌ وَرِزْقٌ كَرِيمٌ٧٤
8:74 Those who accepted the faith and abandoned their homes, and struggled in the cause of Allah, and those who gave them shelter and helped them, are indeed true believers. For them is forgiveness and noble sustenance.
وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْ بَعْدُ وَهَاجَرُوا وَجَاهَدُوا مَعَكُمْ فَأُولَٰئِكَ مِنْكُمْ ۚ وَأُولُو الْأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَىٰ بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ٧٥
8:75 Those who believed afterwards and migrated, and fought along with you, they belong to you; but the blood relatives are more entitled to inherit from one another in the Book of Allah. Indeed Allah knows about all the things.
سورة التوبة
The Repentance
At-Tawbah | Sura # 9 | 129 verses | Madinan
بَرَاءَةٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ إِلَى الَّذِينَ عَاهَدْتُمْ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ١
9:1 (This is) a declaration of complete absolution on the part of Allah and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) (from all obligations) to those of the polytheists with whom you had entered into a treaty (which was broken by them repeatedly).
In the beginning of Sura at-Tawba, Tasmia (بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ) is not written. It is most likely that the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) did not dictate it at the beginning of this Sura.
Sura at-Tawba consists of 3 discourses, the first, verse 1-37 was revealed in Zil Qa'dah, 9 AH when Muslims had departed for Hajj. This discourse consists of new regulations for the Mushrikeen of Arabian Peninsula.
The second discourse, verse 38-72 was revealed in Rajab 9 AH when the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) was preparing for the campaign of Tabuk.
The third discourse, verses 73-129 was revealed after the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) returned from the campaign of Tabuk.
فَسِيحُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّكُمْ غَيْرُ مُعْجِزِي اللَّهِ ۙ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ مُخْزِي الْكَافِرِينَ٢
9:2 (O' breakers of the treaties) you may go about in the land freely for four months, but bear in mind that you cannot escape from Allah, and that Allah will (surely) humiliate the disbelievers.
It is reported that verses 1-37 of Sura at-Tauba were revealed in 9 AH when Muslims had departed for Hajj under the leadership of Abu Bakr Siddique (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ). When these verses were revealed, Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) decided to declare the conditions laid down in the verses openly. Ali (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ) was despatched to proclaim the following new regulations in front of the large gathering of pilgrims.
(i) No disbeliever will enter Paradise.
(ii) No disbeliever should perform Hajj after this.
(iii) It is forbidden to move around K'aba in a naked state.
(iv) Those who have not violated the treaties with Muslim and whose term is still in force will be honored till the expiry of their terms.
BRIEF HISTORY
After the conquest of Makka in Ramadhan, 8 AH, Hajj was performed by Muslims. The Mushrikeen participated in it as per their customs. The second Hajj in 9 AH was performed as per pure Islamic way by Muslims. The Mushrikeen participated in Hajj as well, as per their own customs. The above declarations were made during this Hajj disallowing Mushrikeen to participate in Hajj from the following year. The Hajj in 10 AH, known as 'Hajja-tul-Widaa', was performed under the guidance of Prophet Mohammad (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) in a purely Islamic way in which Mushrikeen were not allowed to participate.
وَأَذَانٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ إِلَى النَّاسِ يَوْمَ الْحَجِّ الْأَكْبَرِ أَنَّ اللَّهَ بَرِيءٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ۙ وَرَسُولُهُ ۚ فَإِنْ تُبْتُمْ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ ۖ وَإِنْ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ فَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّكُمْ غَيْرُ مُعْجِزِي اللَّهِ ۗ وَبَشِّرِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ٣
9:3 A proclamation is (made) this day of the Greater Pilgrimage on the part of Allah and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم), that Allah is not bound (by any contract) to idolaters, nor is His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم). It is, therefore, better for you to repent. If you do not, remember that you cannot elude (the grip of) Allah. So announce to those who deny the truth the news of painful punishment.
إِلَّا الَّذِينَ عَاهَدْتُمْ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَنْقُصُوكُمْ شَيْئًا وَلَمْ يُظَاهِرُوا عَلَيْكُمْ أَحَدًا فَأَتِمُّوا إِلَيْهِمْ عَهْدَهُمْ إِلَىٰ مُدَّتِهِمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُتَّقِينَ٤
9:4 Except those idolaters with whom you have a treaty, who have not failed you in the least, nor helped anyone against you. Fulfill your obligations to them during the term (of the treaty). Allah loves those who take heed for themselves.
فَإِذَا انْسَلَخَ الْأَشْهُرُ الْحُرُمُ فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ وَخُذُوهُمْ وَاحْصُرُوهُمْ وَاقْعُدُوا لَهُمْ كُلَّ مَرْصَدٍ ۚ فَإِنْ تَابُوا وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَوُا الزَّكَاةَ فَخَلُّوا سَبِيلَهُمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ٥
9:5 But when these months, prohibited (for fighting), are over, kill the idolaters (who have broken the treaties and double crossed Muslims) wheresoever you find them, and take them captive or besiege them, and lie in wait for them at every likely place. But if they repent and fulfill their devotional obligations and pay Zakat, then let them go their way, for Allah is All Forgiving, Most Merciful.
وَإِنْ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ اسْتَجَارَكَ فَأَجِرْهُ حَتَّىٰ يَسْمَعَ كَلَامَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ أَبْلِغْهُ مَأْمَنَهُ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ٦
9:6 If an idolater seeks protection, then give him asylum that he may hear the word of Allah. Then escort him to a place of safety, for they are people who do not know.
كَيْفَ يَكُونُ لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ عَهْدٌ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَعِنْدَ رَسُولِهِ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ عَاهَدْتُمْ عِنْدَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ ۖ فَمَا اسْتَقَامُوا لَكُمْ فَاسْتَقِيمُوا لَهُمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُتَّقِينَ٧
9:7 How can there be, for the polytheists, a treaty in the sight of Allah and with His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم), except for those with whom you made a treaty near al-Masjid al-Haram? So as long as they are upright toward you, be upright toward them. Indeed, Allah loves the righteous.
كَيْفَ وَإِنْ يَظْهَرُوا عَلَيْكُمْ لَا يَرْقُبُوا فِيكُمْ إِلًّا وَلَا ذِمَّةً ۚ يُرْضُونَكُمْ بِأَفْوَاهِهِمْ وَتَأْبَىٰ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَأَكْثَرُهُمْ فَاسِقُونَ٨
9:8 Therefore how can there be a treaty when they are such that if they overpower you, they would not have regard for any relations nor for any treaty? They please you with their mouths whereas their hearts contain rejection; and most of them are disobedient.
اشْتَرَوْا بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا فَصَدُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِهِ ۚ إِنَّهُمْ سَاءَ مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ٩
9:9 They barter away the words of Allah for a petty price, and obstruct (others) from His path. How evil indeed are the things they do?
لَا يَرْقُبُونَ فِي مُؤْمِنٍ إِلًّا وَلَا ذِمَّةً ۚ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُعْتَدُونَ١٠
9:10 They have no regard for kinship or treaties with believers, for they are transgressors.
فَإِنْ تَابُوا وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَوُا الزَّكَاةَ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ ۗ وَنُفَصِّلُ الْآيَاتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ١١
9:11 But if they repent and are firm in devotion and pay the Zakat, then they are your brothers in faith. We explain Our commands distinctly for those who understand.
وَإِنْ نَكَثُوا أَيْمَانَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ عَهْدِهِمْ وَطَعَنُوا فِي دِينِكُمْ فَقَاتِلُوا أَئِمَّةَ الْكُفْرِ ۙ إِنَّهُمْ لَا أَيْمَانَ لَهُمْ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَنْتَهُونَ١٢
9:12 But if they break their pledges after their having made a treaty and revile your religion, then fight the leaders of disbelievers so that they may desist (from aggression). Indeed, they have no (regard) to their pledges.
أَلَا تُقَاتِلُونَ قَوْمًا نَكَثُوا أَيْمَانَهُمْ وَهَمُّوا بِإِخْرَاجِ الرَّسُولِ وَهُمْ بَدَءُوكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ ۚ أَتَخْشَوْنَهُمْ ۚ فَاللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَنْ تَخْشَوْهُ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ١٣
9:13 Will you not fight those who broke their pledge and plotted to expel the Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم), and who were the first to attack you? Are you afraid of them? Allah has more right that you should fear Him, if you have faith.
قَاتِلُوهُمْ يُعَذِّبْهُمُ اللَّهُ بِأَيْدِيكُمْ وَيُخْزِهِمْ وَيَنْصُرْكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَيَشْفِ صُدُورَ قَوْمٍ مُؤْمِنِينَ١٤
9:14 Fight with them; Allah will punish them by your hands and will disgrace them and give you victory over them and He will soothe the hearts of the believers.
وَيُذْهِبْ غَيْظَ قُلُوبِهِمْ ۗ وَيَتُوبُ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ١٥
9:15 And remove the anger from their (believers) hearts; for Allah turns to whosoever He desires. Allah is All Knowing and All Wise.
The proclamation of abrogation of the treaties was necessitated against those tribes who were trying to harm Muslims in spite of their peace treaties. After the abrogation of the treaties, the Mushrikeen in Arabian Peninsula realized that they had become outlaws and have no options left for them. They also realized that they cannot incite the neighboring Roman or Persian empires against Muslims or create anarchy in the State. The declaration had far reaching effects and helped Islamic State during the caliphate of Hadhrat Abu Bakr Siddique (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ) during the wars of Apostasy (حروب الردة) in which the last traces of Shirk were eliminated from Arabian Peninsula.
أَمْ حَسِبْتُمْ أَنْ تُتْرَكُوا وَلَمَّا يَعْلَمِ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ جَاهَدُوا مِنْكُمْ وَلَمْ يَتَّخِذُوا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ وَلَا رَسُولِهِ وَلَا الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَلِيجَةً ۚ وَاللَّهُ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ١٦
9:16 Or did you think that you would be left (without being tried through suffering and hardship) unless Allah marks out those among you who really strive (in His way), and relied on no one other than Allah and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) and the believers, to seek help and solidarity? Allah is fully aware of all that you do.
مَا كَانَ لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ أَنْ يَعْمُرُوا مَسَاجِدَ اللَّهِ شَاهِدِينَ عَلَىٰ أَنْفُسِهِمْ بِالْكُفْرِ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ وَفِي النَّارِ هُمْ خَالِدُونَ١٧
9:17 The idolaters have no right to visit the mosques of Allah while bearing testimony to their disbelief. Meaningless will be their acts, and they will be in Hell for ever.
إِنَّمَا يَعْمُرُ مَسَاجِدَ اللَّهِ مَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَأَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَى الزَّكَاةَ وَلَمْ يَخْشَ إِلَّا اللَّهَ ۖ فَعَسَىٰ أُولَٰئِكَ أَنْ يَكُونُوا مِنَ الْمُهْتَدِينَ١٨
9:18 Only those who believe in Allah and the Last Day, who establish Salah, pay Zakat, and fear no one but Allah, can maintain the mosques of Allah. It is likely that they will be among the people of guidance.
أَجَعَلْتُمْ سِقَايَةَ الْحَاجِّ وَعِمَارَةَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ كَمَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَجَاهَدَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ۚ لَا يَسْتَوُونَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ١٩
9:19 Do you consider providing water to the pilgrims and serving the Sacred Mosque as equal in value to one who believes in Allah and the Last Day, and strives in Allah's cause? They are not equal in Allah's sight. And Allah does not guide the oppressing folk.
الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَهَاجَرُوا وَجَاهَدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ أَعْظَمُ دَرَجَةً عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ۚ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْفَائِزُونَ٢٠
9:20 Those who have believed and migrated, and waged jihad in the way of Allah with their possessions and persons have a greater rank near Allah, and it is they who are successful.
يُبَشِّرُهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ بِرَحْمَةٍ مِنْهُ وَرِضْوَانٍ وَجَنَّاتٍ لَهُمْ فِيهَا نَعِيمٌ مُقِيمٌ٢١
9:21 Their Lord gives them the good news of His Mercy and acceptance. There will be gardens for them with lasting bliss.
خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا أَبَدًا ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِنْدَهُ أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ٢٢
9:22 They will abide therein for ever. Indeed with Allah is the great reward.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا آبَاءَكُمْ وَإِخْوَانَكُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ إِنِ اسْتَحَبُّوا الْكُفْرَ عَلَى الْإِيمَانِ ۚ وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِنْكُمْ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ٢٣
9:23 O' you who believe, do not hold your fathers and brothers as friends if they hold disbelief more dear than faith; and those of you who do so are unjust.
قُلْ إِنْ كَانَ آبَاؤُكُمْ وَأَبْنَاؤُكُمْ وَإِخْوَانُكُمْ وَأَزْوَاجُكُمْ وَعَشِيرَتُكُمْ وَأَمْوَالٌ اقْتَرَفْتُمُوهَا وَتِجَارَةٌ تَخْشَوْنَ كَسَادَهَا وَمَسَاكِنُ تَرْضَوْنَهَا أَحَبَّ إِلَيْكُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَجِهَادٍ فِي سَبِيلِهِ فَتَرَبَّصُوا حَتَّىٰ يَأْتِيَ اللَّهُ بِأَمْرِهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْفَاسِقِينَ٢٤
9:24 Say : 'If your fathers, and your children, and your brothers and sisters, and your spouses, and your kindred and clan, and the wealth you have acquired, and the business you fear may suffer, and the dwellings that you love to live in, are dearer to you than Allah and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) and striving in His way, then wait until Allah brings about His decree. Allah does not guide the transgressing people.
لَقَدْ نَصَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي مَوَاطِنَ كَثِيرَةٍ ۙ وَيَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ ۙ إِذْ أَعْجَبَتْكُمْ كَثْرَتُكُمْ فَلَمْ تُغْنِ عَنْكُمْ شَيْئًا وَضَاقَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْأَرْضُ بِمَا رَحُبَتْ ثُمَّ وَلَّيْتُمْ مُدْبِرِينَ٢٥
9:25 Allah has certainly helped you in many situations, and on the day of Hunayn, when your great number elated you, but it did not avail you in any way, and the earth became narrow for you in spite of its expanse, whereupon you turned your backs and retreated.
The battle of Hunain took place in the valley of Hunain that lies between Taaif and Makkah in Shawwal, 8 AH, a few days after the fall of Makka. The Muslim army consisted of 12000 fighters while the Hawazin fighters were 4000. Since Muslims outnumbered the Mushrikeen, some of them showed pride on the numerical strength of Muslims over the enemy. However, this did not help Muslims as the archers of the Hawazin tribe wrought havoc among the Muslim army and compelled them to retreat in panic. But the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) stood the ground along with a few of his bravest companions. The Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) called the fighters to the battle field. They regrouped and rallied and routed the enemy. In this battle also, Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) helped Muslims by sending angels to help them win the war.
ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِ وَعَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَنْزَلَ جُنُودًا لَمْ تَرَوْهَا وَعَذَّبَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ۚ وَذَٰلِكَ جَزَاءُ الْكَافِرِينَ٢٦
9:26 Thereafter Allah sent down His peace and composure upon His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) and the believers, and He sent down invisible troops you did not see and punished those who disbelieved. Such is the retribution of the infidels.
ثُمَّ يَتُوبُ اللَّهُ مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَىٰ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ٢٧
9:27 Yet Allah may turn (even) after this to whomsoever He pleases, for Allah is All Forgiving All Merciful.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّمَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ نَجَسٌ فَلَا يَقْرَبُوا الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ بَعْدَ عَامِهِمْ هَٰذَا ۚ وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ عَيْلَةً فَسَوْفَ يُغْنِيكُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ٢٨
9:28 O you who believe, the polytheists are indeed unclean. Let them not approach the Holy Mosque after this year. Should you fear poverty, Allah will enrich you out of His grace, if He wishes. Indeed Allah is All Knowing, All Wise.
قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَلَا يُحَرِّمُونَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَلَا يَدِينُونَ دِينَ الْحَقِّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حَتَّىٰ يُعْطُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ٢٩
9:29 Fight those who do not have faith in Allah nor in the Last Day, nor forbid what Allah and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) have forbidden, nor follow the true religion, from among those who were given the Book, until they pay the Jizyah (tax for protection and exemption from military service) with a willing hand in the state of submission.
وَقَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ عُزَيْرٌ ابْنُ اللَّهِ وَقَالَتِ النَّصَارَى الْمَسِيحُ ابْنُ اللَّهِ ۖ ذَٰلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ بِأَفْوَاهِهِمْ ۖ يُضَاهِئُونَ قَوْلَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ قَبْلُ ۚ قَاتَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ ۚ أَنَّىٰ يُؤْفَكُونَ٣٠
9:30 The Jews say, 'Uzair (عليه السلام) is the son of Allah'; and the Christians say, 'The Isa (عليه السلام) is the son of Allah.' That is their statement from their mouths; they imitate the saying of those who disbelieved (before them). May Allah destroy them; how are they deluded?
اتَّخَذُوا أَحْبَارَهُمْ وَرُهْبَانَهُمْ أَرْبَابًا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ وَالْمَسِيحَ ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ وَمَا أُمِرُوا إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُوا إِلَٰهًا وَاحِدًا ۖ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ۚ سُبْحَانَهُ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ٣١
9:31 The Jews take their rabbis and the Christians take their monks as well as Isa Ibn Maryam (عليه السلام), as gods besides Allah whereas they were commanded to worship none but the One God. There is no God but Allah, exalted is He above all they associate with Him.
يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يُطْفِئُوا نُورَ اللَّهِ بِأَفْوَاهِهِمْ وَيَأْبَى اللَّهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يُتِمَّ نُورَهُ وَلَوْ كَرِهَ الْكَافِرُونَ٣٢
9:32 They want to extinguish the light of Allah with their mouths, but Allah refuses, except to perfect His light, although the disbelievers dislike it.
هُوَ الَّذِي أَرْسَلَ رَسُولَهُ بِالْهُدَىٰ وَدِينِ الْحَقِّ لِيُظْهِرَهُ عَلَى الدِّينِ كُلِّهِ وَلَوْ كَرِهَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ٣٣
9:33 It is He who has sent His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) with guidance and the Religion of truth that He may make it prevail over all religions, however hateful this may be to those who associate partners with Allah.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّ كَثِيرًا مِنَ الْأَحْبَارِ وَالرُّهْبَانِ لَيَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوَالَ النَّاسِ بِالْبَاطِلِ وَيَصُدُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ۗ وَالَّذِينَ يَكْنِزُونَ الذَّهَبَ وَالْفِضَّةَ وَلَا يُنْفِقُونَهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَبَشِّرْهُمْ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ٣٤
9:34 O People who Believe! Indeed many of the (Jewish) rabbis and the (Christian) monks unjustly devour people's wealth and prevent (people) from Allah’s way; and those who hoard up gold and silver and do not spend it in Allah’s way, give them tidings of a painful punishment.
يَوْمَ يُحْمَىٰ عَلَيْهَا فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ فَتُكْوَىٰ بِهَا جِبَاهُهُمْ وَجُنُوبُهُمْ وَظُهُورُهُمْ ۖ هَٰذَا مَا كَنَزْتُمْ لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ فَذُوقُوا مَا كُنْتُمْ تَكْنِزُونَ٣٥
9:35 On that day, it (the hoarded wealth) will be heated in the fire of Hell and their foreheads and their sides and their backs will be branded with it. (They will be told), 'This is the treasure which you hoarded for yourselves; taste now what you were busy hoarding.'
إِنَّ عِدَّةَ الشُّهُورِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْرًا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَةٌ حُرُمٌ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ الدِّينُ الْقَيِّمُ ۚ فَلَا تَظْلِمُوا فِيهِنَّ أَنْفُسَكُمْ ۚ وَقَاتِلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ كَافَّةً كَمَا يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ كَافَّةً ۚ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الْمُتَّقِينَ٣٦
9:36 Indeed the number of months with Allah is twelve months in Allah’s Book, from the day when He created the heavens and the earth. Of these, four are sacred. That is the upright religion. So do not wrong yourselves during them. Fight with all the polytheists, just as they fight with you all, and know that Allah is with the pious.
Ever since the creation of this Cosmos, the counting of an year has been for 12 months. The 4 sacred months are Dhul-Qaadah, Dhul-Hijjah, and Muharram and the month of Rajab. Muslims were forbidden to fight during these months. However, if the Pagans do not desist from fighting during these months Muslims can also fight with them.
It is in Quran - يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِيهِ ۖ قُلْ قِتَالٌ فِيهِ كَبِيرٌ ۖ وَصَدٌّ عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَكُفْرٌ بِهِ وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَإِخْرَاجُ أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ أَكْبَرُ عِندَ اللَّهِ ۚ وَالْفِتْنَةُ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ [They ask you about the sacred month - about fighting therein. Say, "Fighting therein is great (sin), but averting (people) from the way of Allah and disbelief in Him and (preventing access to) al-Masjid al-Haram and the expulsion of its people therefrom are greater (evil) in the sight of Allah. And fitnah is greater than killing. ] (Al-Baqara - 217)
BRIEF HISTORY
Before the advent of Islam, there was extreme animosity and internal warfare among various tribes of Arabia. No person, tribe or Caravan was considered safe to travel fearing aggression, plunder, capture and killing. However, the Sacred House of Kaba was held in honor by all Arab tribes unanimously. They all accepted three months of Hajj, namely, Dhul-Qaadah, Dhul-Hijjah, and Muharram and the month of Rajab dedicated for Umrah as absolutely sacred wherein any type of war or aggression was absolutely prohibited and treated as a sacrilege.
In all, the turmoil that existed in the Arabian peninsula, it was only in these four sacred months that people could travel and move about in absolute safety and without fear and perform the pilgrimage of Hajj or Umrah at the Sacred House in Makkah. The other huge benefit was it was during these months that the trade caravans moved about their business, crossing the vast Arabian desert towards Syria in the north and Yemen in the south. This tradition was continued after the advent of Islam as well.
إِنَّمَا النَّسِيءُ زِيَادَةٌ فِي الْكُفْرِ ۖ يُضَلُّ بِهِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يُحِلُّونَهُ عَامًا وَيُحَرِّمُونَهُ عَامًا لِيُوَاطِئُوا عِدَّةَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ فَيُحِلُّوا مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ ۚ زُيِّنَ لَهُمْ سُوءُ أَعْمَالِهِمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْكَافِرِينَ٣٧
9:37 Indeed, the postponing (of restriction within sacred months) is an increase in disbelief by which those who have disbelieved are led (further) astray. They make it lawful one year and unlawful another year to correspond to the number made unlawful by Allah and (thus) make lawful what Allah has made unlawful. Their evil deeds seem good in their sight. Allah does not guide the disbelievers.
The pagans in Arabian Peninsula practiced 'Nasi' (النَّسِي) by which they used to increase the number of months from 12 to 13 or change the sequence of months as per their desires. This practice allowed them to interchange the sacred months in a given year. The practice of 'Nasi' (النَّسِي) was carried out in two ways, as follows:
(i) Whenever it suited them, the pagans would declare a prohibited month to be an ordinary month in which fighting, robbery and murder-in-retaliation were made lawful. Then they would declare an ordinary month to be a sacred month in order to make up for the deficiency caused in the number of the sacred months.
(ii) They used to add a month in lunar calendar in order to reconcile it with solar calendar. They used to do it in order that the Hajj fall in the same season every year. This way Hajj was performed on different dates (not on actual dates) for 36 years in a row. The 37th year, it used to fall on the actual dates 9th and 10 of Dhul Hijja.
The practice of Nasi was forbidden by Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) during the Hajj of 9 AH. The following year, the Hajj in 10 AH, was performed on the right dates and since then the Hajj is being performed on 9th and 10th Dhul Hijja for the past 1400 years.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَا لَكُمْ إِذَا قِيلَ لَكُمُ انْفِرُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ اثَّاقَلْتُمْ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ ۚ أَرَضِيتُمْ بِالْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا مِنَ الْآخِرَةِ ۚ فَمَا مَتَاعُ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا فِي الْآخِرَةِ إِلَّا قَلِيلٌ٣٨
9:38 O you who believe! What excuse do you have that when it is said to you, 'mobilize (for the campaign of Tabuk) in Allah's cause'; you cling heavily to the earth? Are you content with the present worldly life, rather than the Hereafter? And the wealth of the life of this world, in comparison with the Hereafter, is very little (negligible).
The verses 38-72 of Sura at-Tawba were revealed when the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) was preparing for the campaign of Tabuk.
BRIEF HISTORY
The Arabian Peninsula uniting under Islamic rule alerted both the neighboring super powers, Byzantine in the west and Sasanian (Persian) in the East.
Towards the end of 9 AH (630 AD) Muslims came to know that Byzantine Emperor Heraclius had begun preparations for war against Muslims in cooperation with the allied Arab Christian tribes of Lakhm, Djudham, Amila, Ghassan, etc. Upon hearing this news, the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) ordered to make preparations for the battle with the Byzantine. It was peak summer, added to it was famine and drought. Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) wanted to quell the enemy at its border. Many companions made significant contributions to arm Muslim fighters. But the hypocrites started to complain that it was not appropriate to travel such a long distance of 600 kilometers in hot desert and fight with a formidable Army of Byzantine empire. Many of the hypocrites came up with excuses to avoid participating in the campaign.
The Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) set out with an army of 30,000 fighters to Tabuk in the hot desert. When they reached Tabuk in Rajab, 9 AH, they camped there for about 20 days but found no sign of Byzantine Army.
During this stay, the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) sent units to Christian and Jewish populations bordering the Byzantine empire, like Jarba', Eila, Adhruh, Maqna, and Ma’an to spread the message of Islam. These populations refused to accept Islam, but agreed to pay protection tax (Jizya) and live as citizens of the Muslim State. Peace treaties were made with these populations promising to protect their lives, property and freedom of belief.
Realizing the hostility of Duwmat al-Jandal population on Iraq route, Khaled Ibn Walid (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ) was sent with a military unit of 400 fighters. Muslims took over their fortress and captured their Chief who was brought to the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم). He was set free with a treaty to pay protection tax (Jizya).
The Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) also sent a letter to Heraculius who was said to be in Dimashq (Damascus). The letter was taken by Dihyah ibn Khalifah al-Kalbi (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ). Three alternatives were offered to Heraculius in the letter, viz., (i) accepting Islam, (ii) paying Jizya, (iii) or fighting. He was also asked not to stop people from his Kingdom who wanted to accept Islam. It is reported that after receiving the letter, the emperor consulted his religious and military officials and sent a member of the Christian Arab tribe of Banu Tanuh to Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم).
The Tabuk campaign proved to be a test for the Muslims and the army taking part in this campaign were referred to as 'The Army of Hardship'. Many verses in Sura at-Tawba have described the situation in detail, particularly the attitude of the hypocrites who tried to create mischief during this campaign.
إِلَّا تَنْفِرُوا يُعَذِّبْكُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا وَيَسْتَبْدِلْ قَوْمًا غَيْرَكُمْ وَلَا تَضُرُّوهُ شَيْئًا ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ٣٩
9:39 If you do not go forth, He will punish you with a painful punishment and will replace you with another people, and you will in no way can do anything. Allah has power over all the things.
It was an obligatory duty for all Muslims to participate in Tabuk campaign. If anyone does not participate in it without a compelling excuse, his belief was questionable. This is the reason that Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) warned people of a grave punishment to an extent that He will replace them with another people altogether.
إِلَّا تَنْصُرُوهُ فَقَدْ نَصَرَهُ اللَّهُ إِذْ أَخْرَجَهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ثَانِيَ اثْنَيْنِ إِذْ هُمَا فِي الْغَارِ إِذْ يَقُولُ لِصَاحِبِهِ لَا تَحْزَنْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَنَا ۖ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُ عَلَيْهِ وَأَيَّدَهُ بِجُنُودٍ لَمْ تَرَوْهَا وَجَعَلَ كَلِمَةَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا السُّفْلَىٰ ۗ وَكَلِمَةُ اللَّهِ هِيَ الْعُلْيَا ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ٤٠
9:40 If you do not help him (the Apostle ﷺ), yet for certain Allah helped him when those who disbelieve drove him out (of his home during the Hijrah), the second of the two when they were in the cave (with those in pursuit of them having reached the mouth of the cave), and he said to his companion 'Do not grieve. Allah is with us.' Then Allah sent inner peace and reassurance on him, supported him with hosts you cannot see, and brought the word of the unbelievers utterly low. And Allah's word is supreme. Allah is majestically mighty and wise.
The above verse refers to Prophet's (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) immigration to Madina.
When Makkan Pagans plotted to assassinate the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم), he immigrated from Makka to Madina along with Abu Bakr Siddique (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ). On the way, the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) remained hidden in Thaur cave for three nights. The Pagans searched for him all over the place and some of them even reached the very mouth of the cave where he was hiding. On this Abu Bakr Siddique (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ) got alarmed. But the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) reassured him saying, 'Do not grieve, indeed Allah is with us.'
انْفِرُوا خِفَافًا وَثِقَالًا وَجَاهِدُوا بِأَمْوَالِكُمْ وَأَنْفُسِكُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ٤١
9:41 Mobilize (for war) whether you are equipped lightly or heavily and strive with your wealth and persons in Allah's cause. This is better for you if you understand.
لَوْ كَانَ عَرَضًا قَرِيبًا وَسَفَرًا قَاصِدًا لَاتَّبَعُوكَ وَلَٰكِنْ بَعُدَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الشُّقَّةُ ۚ وَسَيَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ لَوِ اسْتَطَعْنَا لَخَرَجْنَا مَعَكُمْ يُهْلِكُونَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّهُمْ لَكَاذِبُونَ٤٢
9:42 Had there been an immediate gain, and an easy journey, those (who stayed behind because of hypocrisy) would surely have followed you, but the difficult journey was too distant for them. Yet they will swear by Allah, 'if only we had been able to, we would surely have gone forth with you.' They destroy their own selves, for Allah knows that they are liars.
عَفَا اللَّهُ عَنْكَ لِمَ أَذِنْتَ لَهُمْ حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكَ الَّذِينَ صَدَقُوا وَتَعْلَمَ الْكَاذِبِينَ٤٣
9:43 May Allah give you grace! Why did you give them leave to stay behind until it became clear to you who was speaking the truth and you came to know the liars.
لَا يَسْتَأْذِنُكَ الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ يُجَاهِدُوا بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالْمُتَّقِينَ٤٤
9:44 And those who believe in Allah and the Last Day will not seek exemption from you for not fighting with their wealth and their person; and Allah knows well who are pious.
إِنَّمَا يَسْتَأْذِنُكَ الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَارْتَابَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ فَهُمْ فِي رَيْبِهِمْ يَتَرَدَّدُونَ٤٥
9:45 Only those would ask for exemption, who do not believe in Allah and the Last Day, and whose hearts are in doubt , and because of their lack of conviction, they are hesitating.
وَلَوْ أَرَادُوا الْخُرُوجَ لَأَعَدُّوا لَهُ عُدَّةً وَلَٰكِنْ كَرِهَ اللَّهُ انْبِعَاثَهُمْ فَثَبَّطَهُمْ وَقِيلَ اقْعُدُوا مَعَ الْقَاعِدِينَ٤٦
9:46 Had they meant to go forth for war, they would have made certain preparation. But Allah was averse to their rising to fight (unwillingly), and so He caused them to hold back, and it was decreed for them. 'Stay at home with the stay-at-homes (women and children).'
لَوْ خَرَجُوا فِيكُمْ مَا زَادُوكُمْ إِلَّا خَبَالًا وَلَأَوْضَعُوا خِلَالَكُمْ يَبْغُونَكُمُ الْفِتْنَةَ وَفِيكُمْ سَمَّاعُونَ لَهُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالظَّالِمِينَ٤٧
9:47 If they had gone forth among you, they would have brought no addition to you except trouble, and would have run about in your midst seeking to stir up sedition among you. Among you were some who were prone to heed them. Allah has full knowledge of the wrongdoers.
لَقَدِ ابْتَغَوُا الْفِتْنَةَ مِنْ قَبْلُ وَقَلَّبُوا لَكَ الْأُمُورَ حَتَّىٰ جَاءَ الْحَقُّ وَظَهَرَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ وَهُمْ كَارِهُونَ٤٨
9:48 They sought to stir up dissension before, and tried to turn things upside down to create disorder, until the truth came and Allah's decree was made evident, however hateful this was to them.
وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ ائْذَنْ لِي وَلَا تَفْتِنِّي ۚ أَلَا فِي الْفِتْنَةِ سَقَطُوا ۗ وَإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ لَمُحِيطَةٌ بِالْكَافِرِينَ٤٩
9:49 And among them there is one who says, 'allow me (to stay back at home), and don't put me on trial'. Surely they have put themselves on trial already, and Hell will enclose the unbelievers from all sides.
The hypocrites were inventing excuses in front of the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) to avoid participating in Jihad. One of these was Jad bin Qais, who is reported to have came to the Prophet ( صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) and said, 'I am a lover of beauty and my people know that I am very weak in regard to women. Therefore I am afraid to go lest the beauty of Roman women tempt me into sin. 'Thus, do not put me into trial.'
إِنْ تُصِبْكَ حَسَنَةٌ تَسُؤْهُمْ ۖ وَإِنْ تُصِبْكَ مُصِيبَةٌ يَقُولُوا قَدْ أَخَذْنَا أَمْرَنَا مِنْ قَبْلُ وَيَتَوَلَّوْا وَهُمْ فَرِحُونَ٥٠
9:50 If good comes your way they are vexed, but if calamity befalls you, they say, 'We had taken precautions in advance' and pleased they turn away.
قُلْ لَنْ يُصِيبَنَا إِلَّا مَا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَنَا هُوَ مَوْلَانَا ۚ وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ٥١
9:51 Tell them, 'Nothing can befall us except what Allah decrees. Our protector is He, and in Allah should the faithful place their trust.'
قُلْ هَلْ تَرَبَّصُونَ بِنَا إِلَّا إِحْدَى الْحُسْنَيَيْنِ ۖ وَنَحْنُ نَتَرَبَّصُ بِكُمْ أَنْ يُصِيبَكُمُ اللَّهُ بِعَذَابٍ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ أَوْ بِأَيْدِينَا ۖ فَتَرَبَّصُوا إِنَّا مَعَكُمْ مُتَرَبِّصُونَ٥٢
9:52 Tell them 'Are you waiting for anything else but one of two good things for us, (victory or martyrdom)? Yet what we are waiting for you is the punishment of Allah, direct or through us. So keep waiting; we are waiting with you.'
قُلْ أَنْفِقُوا طَوْعًا أَوْ كَرْهًا لَنْ يُتَقَبَّلَ مِنْكُمْ ۖ إِنَّكُمْ كُنْتُمْ قَوْمًا فَاسِقِينَ٥٣
9:53 Tell them : 'You may spend (in Allah's cause), willingly or unwillingly, it will not be accepted from you, for you are disobedient people.
The above verse refers to those hypocrites who wanted to stay back but offered some monetary contributions in order to hide their hypocrisy. To this Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) retorted, saying, 'Whatever you may contribute, it shall not be accepted.'
وَمَا مَنَعَهُمْ أَنْ تُقْبَلَ مِنْهُمْ نَفَقَاتُهُمْ إِلَّا أَنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا بِاللَّهِ وَبِرَسُولِهِ وَلَا يَأْتُونَ الصَّلَاةَ إِلَّا وَهُمْ كُسَالَىٰ وَلَا يُنْفِقُونَ إِلَّا وَهُمْ كَارِهُونَ٥٤
9:54 And their spending was not stopped being accepted, except because they disbelieved in Allah and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم), and they come to prayer with heavy heart, and they do not spend except grudgingly.
فَلَا تُعْجِبْكَ أَمْوَالُهُمْ وَلَا أَوْلَادُهُمْ ۚ إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُعَذِّبَهُمْ بِهَا فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَتَزْهَقَ أَنْفُسُهُمْ وَهُمْ كَافِرُونَ٥٥
9:55 (O' believers) Let neither their wealth nor their children impress you. Allah only wills thereby to punish them in the life of this world and that their souls will depart while they are unbelievers.
وَيَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّهُمْ لَمِنْكُمْ وَمَا هُمْ مِنْكُمْ وَلَٰكِنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ يَفْرَقُونَ٥٦
9:56 They swear by Allah they are indeed of you, though in fact they are not. They are only a frightened lot.
لَوْ يَجِدُونَ مَلْجَأً أَوْ مَغَارَاتٍ أَوْ مُدَّخَلًا لَوَلَّوْا إِلَيْهِ وَهُمْ يَجْمَحُونَ٥٧
9:57 If they find a place of shelter or a cave or hole to hide, they will turn to it.
وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَلْمِزُكَ فِي الصَّدَقَاتِ فَإِنْ أُعْطُوا مِنْهَا رَضُوا وَإِنْ لَمْ يُعْطَوْا مِنْهَا إِذَا هُمْ يَسْخَطُونَ٥٨
9:58 Among them are some who find fault with you concerning (the distribution of) alms. If they are given something thereof, they are pleased; but if they are not given anything, they are consumed with rage.
وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ رَضُوا مَا آتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَقَالُوا حَسْبُنَا اللَّهُ سَيُؤْتِينَا اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ وَرَسُولُهُ إِنَّا إِلَى اللَّهِ رَاغِبُونَ٥٩
9:59 They should rather have been pleased with what Allah and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) had given them, and said : 'Allah is sufficient for us; He will give us from His munificence as will His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم). We supplicate no one but Allah.'
إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَاتُ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَالْعَامِلِينَ عَلَيْهَا وَالْمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَفِي الرِّقَابِ وَالْغَارِمِينَ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ ۖ فَرِيضَةً مِنَ اللَّهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ٦٠
9:60 The Zakat is meant for the poor and needy, and those who collect and distribute it, and those whom you wish to win over, and for redeeming slaves (and captives) and those who are burdened with debt, and in the cause of Allah, and the wayfarers. So does Allah ordains. Allah is All Knowing and All Wise.
وَمِنْهُمُ الَّذِينَ يُؤْذُونَ النَّبِيَّ وَيَقُولُونَ هُوَ أُذُنٌ ۚ قُلْ أُذُنُ خَيْرٍ لَكُمْ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَيُؤْمِنُ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَرَحْمَةٌ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْكُمْ ۚ وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْذُونَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ٦١
9:61 There are some among them who talk ill of the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) by saying : 'He listens to everyone.' Tell them : 'He listens for your good, and trusts in Allah and trusts the faithful, and he is a blessing for those who believe. For those who offend the Apostle of Allah (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) there is painful punishment.'
يَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ لَكُمْ لِيُرْضُوكُمْ وَاللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَحَقُّ أَنْ يُرْضُوهُ إِنْ كَانُوا مُؤْمِنِينَ٦٢
9:62 (O' believers) They (hypocrites) swear to you by Allah so that you may be pleased with them, while it is Allah and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) they should seek to please, if indeed they are believers.
أَلَمْ يَعْلَمُوا أَنَّهُ مَنْ يُحَادِدِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَأَنَّ لَهُ نَارَ جَهَنَّمَ خَالِدًا فِيهَا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ الْخِزْيُ الْعَظِيمُ٦٣
9:63 Have they not realized that anyone who opposes Allah and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) will abide in Hell? And this is (indeed) the worst disgrace.
يَحْذَرُ الْمُنَافِقُونَ أَنْ تُنَزَّلَ عَلَيْهِمْ سُورَةٌ تُنَبِّئُهُمْ بِمَا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ ۚ قُلِ اسْتَهْزِئُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ مُخْرِجٌ مَا تَحْذَرُونَ٦٤
9:64 The hypocrites fear that a Surah would be revealed concerning them, exposing what is in their hearts. Tell them, 'Mock as much as you like; Allah will surely expose what you dread.'
وَلَئِنْ سَأَلْتَهُمْ لَيَقُولُنَّ إِنَّمَا كُنَّا نَخُوضُ وَنَلْعَبُ ۚ قُلْ أَبِاللَّهِ وَآيَاتِهِ وَرَسُولِهِ كُنْتُمْ تَسْتَهْزِئُونَ٦٥
9:65 If you ask them (about their ridicule), they will say : 'We were just joking and playful.' Say : 'Was it Allah and His Revelations and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) that you were joking about?'
لَا تَعْتَذِرُوا قَدْ كَفَرْتُمْ بَعْدَ إِيمَانِكُمْ ۚ إِنْ نَعْفُ عَنْ طَائِفَةٍ مِنْكُمْ نُعَذِّبْ طَائِفَةً بِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا مُجْرِمِينَ٦٦
9:66 Do not make excuses now. You have indeed disbelieved after your (declaration of) faith. Even if We pardon a section of you (those whose idle talk was not intended to mock Allah and His Apostle ﷺ), We will surely punish another section of you for they have been criminals.
الْمُنَافِقُونَ وَالْمُنَافِقَاتُ بَعْضُهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ ۚ يَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمُنْكَرِ وَيَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَقْبِضُونَ أَيْدِيَهُمْ ۚ نَسُوا اللَّهَ فَنَسِيَهُمْ ۗ إِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ٦٧
9:67 The hypocrites (are the same) whether men or women, enjoining wrong and forbidding right. They encourage what is bad and dissuade from the good, and tighten their purses (for spending in the way of Allah). They are oblivious of Allah, so He is oblivious of them. The hypocrites are indeed transgressors.
وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الْمُنَافِقِينَ وَالْمُنَافِقَاتِ وَالْكُفَّارَ نَارَ جَهَنَّمَ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا ۚ هِيَ حَسْبُهُمْ ۚ وَلَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ ۖ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ مُقِيمٌ٦٨
9:68 Allah has reserved for hypocrites, whether men or women, and for unbelievers, the fire of Hell, where they will abide. This is the retribution for them. They have Allah's condemnation and lasting torment,
كَالَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ كَانُوا أَشَدَّ مِنْكُمْ قُوَّةً وَأَكْثَرَ أَمْوَالًا وَأَوْلَادًا فَاسْتَمْتَعُوا بِخَلَاقِهِمْ فَاسْتَمْتَعْتُمْ بِخَلَاقِكُمْ كَمَا اسْتَمْتَعَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ بِخَلَاقِهِمْ وَخُضْتُمْ كَالَّذِي خَاضُوا ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ ۖ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ٦٩
9:69 (O' disbelievers) You are like those before you; (rather) they were stronger than you in power and more abundant in wealth and children. They enjoyed their portion (of worldly life), and you have enjoyed your portion as those before you enjoyed their portion, and you fell into shame (sin) like they had fallen into shame. (The hypocrites are) those whose deeds have become worthless in this world and in Hereafter, and it is they who are the losers.
أَلَمْ يَأْتِهِمْ نَبَأُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ قَوْمِ نُوحٍ وَعَادٍ وَثَمُودَ وَقَوْمِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَأَصْحَابِ مَدْيَنَ وَالْمُؤْتَفِكَاتِ ۚ أَتَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ ۖ فَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَظْلِمَهُمْ وَلَٰكِنْ كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ٧٠
9:70 Has there not reached them the news of the people before them; the people of Nooh (عليه السلام) and A'ad and Thamud and the people of Ibrahim (عليه السلام) and the companions of Madyan and the towns overturned? Their Apostles came to them with clear proofs. And Allah would never have wronged them, but they have wronged themselves.
وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتُ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءُ بَعْضٍ ۚ يَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَيُقِيمُونَ الصَّلَاةَ وَيُؤْتُونَ الزَّكَاةَ وَيُطِيعُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ سَيَرْحَمُهُمُ اللَّهُ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ٧١
9:71 Those who believe, men and women, befriend one another, and enjoin what is right and prohibit what is wrong. They establish Salah, pay Zakat, and obey Allah and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم). Allah will be Merciful to them, for Allah is All Mighty and All Wise.
وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا وَمَسَاكِنَ طَيِّبَةً فِي جَنَّاتِ عَدْنٍ ۚ وَرِضْوَانٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ أَكْبَرُ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ هُوَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ٧٢
9:72 Allah has promised the believers, both men and women, Gardens through which rivers flow, therein to abide (for ever), and blessed dwellings in Gardens of perpetual bliss; and greater (than those) is Allah is pleased with them. That indeed is the supreme reward.
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ جَاهِدِ الْكُفَّارَ وَالْمُنَافِقِينَ وَاغْلُظْ عَلَيْهِمْ ۚ وَمَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ ۖ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ٧٣
9:73 O' beloved Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) strive against the unbelievers and the hypocrites and deal with them firmly. Their final abode is Hell; how evil is this destination to arrive at.
يَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ مَا قَالُوا وَلَقَدْ قَالُوا كَلِمَةَ الْكُفْرِ وَكَفَرُوا بَعْدَ إِسْلَامِهِمْ وَهَمُّوا بِمَا لَمْ يَنَالُوا ۚ وَمَا نَقَمُوا إِلَّا أَنْ أَغْنَاهُمُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ ۚ فَإِنْ يَتُوبُوا يَكُ خَيْرًا لَهُمْ ۖ وَإِنْ يَتَوَلَّوْا يُعَذِّبْهُمُ اللَّهُ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ ۚ وَمَا لَهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلَا نَصِيرٍ٧٤
9:74 They swear by Allah that they did not say (anything against the Prophet ﷺ) while they had said the word of disbelief, and after having proclamation of faith turned disbelievers, and designed what they could not accomplish. And they were not resentful except (for the fact) that Allah and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) had enriched them of His bounty. So if they repent, it is better for them; but if they turn away, Allah will punish them with a painful punishment in this world and the Hereafter. And they will have neither a protector nor any supporter on the face of earth.
وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ عَاهَدَ اللَّهَ لَئِنْ آتَانَا مِنْ فَضْلِهِ لَنَصَّدَّقَنَّ وَلَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ٧٥
9:75 And among them are those who made a covenant with Allah, 'If He should give us from His bounty, we will surely spend in charity, and be among the righteous.'
فَلَمَّا آتَاهُمْ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ بَخِلُوا بِهِ وَتَوَلَّوْا وَهُمْ مُعْرِضُونَ٧٦
9:76 But when He gave them of His bounty they became greedy, and then turned away.
فَأَعْقَبَهُمْ نِفَاقًا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ يَلْقَوْنَهُ بِمَا أَخْلَفُوا اللَّهَ مَا وَعَدُوهُ وَبِمَا كَانُوا يَكْذِبُونَ٧٧
9:77 As a consequence of breaking their promise made to Allah, and telling lies, he filled their hearts with hypocrisy which will last till the day they come before Him.
أَلَمْ يَعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ سِرَّهُمْ وَنَجْوَاهُمْ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَّامُ الْغُيُوبِ٧٨
9:78 Do they not know that Allah knows their secrets and the schemes they whisper, and that Allah knows all that is hidden?
الَّذِينَ يَلْمِزُونَ الْمُطَّوِّعِينَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي الصَّدَقَاتِ وَالَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ إِلَّا جُهْدَهُمْ فَيَسْخَرُونَ مِنْهُمْ ۙ سَخِرَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُمْ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ٧٩
9:79 Those who criticize the contributors among the believers concerning (their) charities and (denigrate) the ones who find nothing (to spend) except their effort, so they ridicule them. Allah will ridicule them, and they will have a painful punishment.
اسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ أَوْ لَا تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ إِنْ تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ سَبْعِينَ مَرَّةً فَلَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْفَاسِقِينَ٨٠
9:80 ( O' Prophet ﷺ) Whether you pray for their forgiveness or do not pray for their forgiveness, even if you pray for their forgiveness seventy times, Allah will not forgive them. That is because they disbelieve in Allah and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم). Allah does not guide transgressing people.
فَرِحَ الْمُخَلَّفُونَ بِمَقْعَدِهِمْ خِلَافَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ وَكَرِهُوا أَنْ يُجَاهِدُوا بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَقَالُوا لَا تَنْفِرُوا فِي الْحَرِّ ۗ قُلْ نَارُ جَهَنَّمَ أَشَدُّ حَرًّا ۚ لَوْ كَانُوا يَفْقَهُونَ٨١
9:81 Those who stayed behind in opposition to Allah's Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم), being averse to fighting in the way of Allah with their wealth and lives and rejoiced their stay at home and said : 'Do not go forth to war in this heat', tell them (O' Prophet ﷺ) 'The fire of Hell is fiercer in heat.' If only they had been able to ponder and get to the essence of matters to grasp the truth!
فَلْيَضْحَكُوا قَلِيلًا وَلْيَبْكُوا كَثِيرًا جَزَاءً بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ٨٢
9:82 So let them laugh a little and weep a lot, as a retribution for what they have been earning.
فَإِنْ رَجَعَكَ اللَّهُ إِلَىٰ طَائِفَةٍ مِنْهُمْ فَاسْتَأْذَنُوكَ لِلْخُرُوجِ فَقُلْ لَنْ تَخْرُجُوا مَعِيَ أَبَدًا وَلَنْ تُقَاتِلُوا مَعِيَ عَدُوًّا ۖ إِنَّكُمْ رَضِيتُمْ بِالْقُعُودِ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ فَاقْعُدُوا مَعَ الْخَالِفِينَ٨٣
9:83 When you come back to them by (the grace of) Allah, and they seek your permission to go (to fight), you should tell them : 'You will never go out nor fight the enemy with me any more. You preferred to stay back on the first occasion, so stay at home with those who stay behind.'
وَلَا تُصَلِّ عَلَىٰ أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ مَاتَ أَبَدًا وَلَا تَقُمْ عَلَىٰ قَبْرِهِ ۖ إِنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَمَاتُوا وَهُمْ فَاسِقُونَ٨٤
9:84 And never do the funeral Prayer over any of them who dies, nor stand by his grave to pray for him. They surely disbelieved in Allah and His Apostle and died as transgressors.
وَلَا تُعْجِبْكَ أَمْوَالُهُمْ وَأَوْلَادُهُمْ ۚ إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ أَنْ يُعَذِّبَهُمْ بِهَا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَتَزْهَقَ أَنْفُسُهُمْ وَهُمْ كَافِرُونَ٨٥
9:85 (O' believers) Let not their possessions or their children impress you, Allah wishes to punish them through these in the world, and they will depart (this world) in a state of disbelief.
وَإِذَا أُنْزِلَتْ سُورَةٌ أَنْ آمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَجَاهِدُوا مَعَ رَسُولِهِ اسْتَأْذَنَكَ أُولُو الطَّوْلِ مِنْهُمْ وَقَالُوا ذَرْنَا نَكُنْ مَعَ الْقَاعِدِينَ٨٦
9:86 Whenever a Surah is revealed (saying) : 'Believe in Allah and fight along with His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم), 'the well-to-do among them ask for leave to stay at home, and say : 'Leave us with those who are left behind.'
رَضُوا بِأَنْ يَكُونُوا مَعَ الْخَوَالِفِ وَطُبِعَ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ فَهُمْ لَا يَفْقَهُونَ٨٧
9:87 They prefer to be with women who (are allowed to) stay at home during war. Their hearts are sealed so they fail to understand.
لَٰكِنِ الرَّسُولُ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَعَهُ جَاهَدُوا بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ ۚ وَأُولَٰئِكَ لَهُمُ الْخَيْرَاتُ ۖ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ٨٨
9:88 But the Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) and those who believe, in his company have striven in Allah's cause with their wealth and person. They are those for whom are all good things, and they are those who are the prosperous.
أَعَدَّ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ٨٩
9:89 Allah has prepared for them gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide eternally. That is the great success.
وَجَاءَ الْمُعَذِّرُونَ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ لِيُؤْذَنَ لَهُمْ وَقَعَدَ الَّذِينَ كَذَبُوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ۚ سَيُصِيبُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ٩٠
9:90 Some among the Bedouin Arabs having true excuses came (to the Apostle ﷺ) to ask leave to stay behind, whereas those who are false to Allah and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) stayed at home. A painful punishment will befall those of them who disbelieve.
لَيْسَ عَلَى الضُّعَفَاءِ وَلَا عَلَى الْمَرْضَىٰ وَلَا عَلَى الَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ مَا يُنْفِقُونَ حَرَجٌ إِذَا نَصَحُوا لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ۚ مَا عَلَى الْمُحْسِنِينَ مِنْ سَبِيلٍ ۚ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ٩١
9:91 There is no blame on the weak, nor on the sick, nor on those who do not find anything to spend, so long as they are sincere to Allah and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم). There is no (cause for) blaming the virtuous, and Allah is All Forgiving, Most Merciful.
وَلَا عَلَى الَّذِينَ إِذَا مَا أَتَوْكَ لِتَحْمِلَهُمْ قُلْتَ لَا أَجِدُ مَا أَحْمِلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ تَوَلَّوْا وَأَعْيُنُهُمْ تَفِيضُ مِنَ الدَّمْعِ حَزَنًا أَلَّا يَجِدُوا مَا يُنْفِقُونَ٩٢
9:92 Nor will they be blamed who came to you for transport, to whom you said : 'I cannot find any means of conveyance for you,' and they went away in tears, grieving that they lacked the means to spend (on carriage).
إِنَّمَا السَّبِيلُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يَسْتَأْذِنُونَكَ وَهُمْ أَغْنِيَاءُ ۚ رَضُوا بِأَنْ يَكُونُوا مَعَ الْخَوَالِفِ وَطَبَعَ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ فَهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ٩٣
9:93 The blame lies only on those who ask leave of you even though they are well-off. They are pleased to be with those who stay back; Allah has set a seal on their hearts, so they cannot understand.
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