TAFSEER-E-ASEDI

By
Shaikh Mir Asedullah Quadri


سورة العلق

The Clot

Al-Alaq | Sura # 96 | 19 verses | Makkan

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

In the name of Allah, the Most Compassionate and Most Merciful

اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ١

96:1 Read (O' Prophet  ﷺ) In the name of your Lord, who has created (everything),

خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ عَلَقٍ٢

96:2 created man from the clot of blood.

اقْرَأْ وَرَبُّكَ الْأَكْرَمُ٣

96:3 Read!  Your Lord is the most Generous!

الَّذِي عَلَّمَ بِالْقَلَمِ٤

96:4 Who taught by the pen.

عَلَّمَ الْإِنْسَانَ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ٥

96:5 Taught the human being what he did not know.

The above five verses were the first revelation to Prophet Mohammad (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) when he was in Seclusion at Hira Cave. The happening of first revelations to Prophet Mohammad (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) has been reported in detail in many Ahadith.

It is in Hadith - Narrated Ummul Momineen Aisha (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہا), 'the onset of Divine revelations to Allah's Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) was in the form of good dreams which came true like bright day light, and then the love of seclusion was bestowed upon him. He used to go in seclusion in the cave of Hira where he would pray continuously for many days till he would go back to see his family. He would take with him some food for his stay and then come back to Ummul Momineen Khadija (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہا) to take his food like-wise again till suddenly (one day) the Truth descended upon him while he was in the cave of Hira. The angel came to him and asked him to read. The Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) replied, "I do not know how to read. The Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) added, 'The angel caught me and pressed me so hard that I could not bear it any more. He then released me and again asked me to read and I replied, I do not know how to read. Then he caught me again and pressed me a second time till I could not bear it any more. He then released me and again asked me to read but again I replied, I do not know how to read. Then he caught me for the third time and pressed me, and then released me and said,

[ اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ - خَلَقَ الْإِنسَانَ مِنْ عَلَقٍ - اقْرَأْ وَرَبُّكَ الْأَكْرَمُ - Read in the name of your Lord, who has created (all that exists), has created man from a clot. Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous." (Al-Alaq - 1-3).

(After this) Allah's Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) returned (home) with the revelation; his heart beating hard. He went to Ummul Momineen Khadija bint Khuwailid (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہا) and said, 'Cover me! Cover me!' He was covered, till his state came back to normal and he told her everything that happened and said, 'I fear that something may happen to me.' Ummul Momineen Khadija (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہا) replied, "Never! By Allah, Allah will always take care of you. You keep good relations with your Kith and kin, help the poor and the destitute, serve your guests generously and assist the deserving calamity-afflicted ones.' Ummul Momineen Khadija (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہا) then accompanied him to her cousin Waraqa bin Naufal bin Asad bin Abdul Uzza, who, during Pre-Islamic period, had became Christian and used Hebrew letters in his writing. He used to write from the Gospel in Hebrew as much as Allah wished him to write. He was an old man and had lost his eyesight. Ummul Momineen Khadija (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہا) said to Waraqa, 'Listen to your nephew, O' my cousin!' Waraqa asked, 'O my nephew! What have you seen?' Allah's Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) described whatever he had seen. Waraqa said, 'This is the same one (angel Gabriel) who keeps the secrets, whom Allah had sent to Moses (عليه السلام). I wish I were young and could live up to the time when your people would turn you out.' Allah's Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) asked, 'Will they drive me out?' Waraqa replied in the affirmative and said, 'Anyone who came with something similar to what you have brought was treated with hostility; and if I should remain alive till the day when you will be turned out, then I would support you strongly.' But after a few days Waraqa died and the Divine revelation was also paused for a while. Sahih al-Bukhari Vol 1, Bk 1, Hadith # 003

كَلَّا إِنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ لَيَطْغَىٰ٦

96:6 No! (but) indeed, (most of the) human beings transgress,

أَنْ رَآهُ اسْتَغْنَىٰ٧

96:7 because they consider themselves self-sufficient.

إِنَّ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ الرُّجْعَىٰ٨

96:8 Surely to your Lord is the return (of everyone).

أَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي يَنْهَىٰ٩

96:9 Have you seen him who prevents,

عَبْدًا إِذَا صَلَّىٰ١٠

96:10 an obedient servant  from offering prayers?

أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ كَانَ عَلَى الْهُدَىٰ١١

96:11 If he was on the right guidance,

أَوْ أَمَرَ بِالتَّقْوَىٰ١٢

96:12 or had enjoined piety, (it would have been better)?

أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّىٰ١٣

96:13 Have you considered, if he denies the truth and turns away, what will happen?

أَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَرَىٰ١٤

96:14 Does he  not know that Allah sees (everything)?

كَلَّا لَئِنْ لَمْ يَنْتَهِ لَنَسْفَعًا بِالنَّاصِيَةِ١٥

96:15 Nay! Let him know that if he does not stop, We will drag him by the forelock,

نَاصِيَةٍ كَاذِبَةٍ خَاطِئَةٍ١٦

96:16 a lying, sinful forelock.

فَلْيَدْعُ نَادِيَهُ١٧

96:17 So let him call his associates,

سَنَدْعُ الزَّبَانِيَةَ١٨

96:18 We will call out the guards (angels) of Hell (to deal with him).

كَلَّا لَا تُطِعْهُ وَاسْجُدْ وَاقْتَرِبْ ۩١٩

96:19 No! Do not obey him. But prostrate yourselves and draw near (to your Lord).

The above is the 'verse of Sajda' (آیت سجدہ). If someone is reading it alone, should do prostration (سجدة) alone. If it is read loudly in an audience, the reciter and all the listeners should do 'Prostration of Recitation' (Sajda-e-Tilaawah - سجدة التلاوة) individually.

The Prostration can be done in sitting or standing position. In the Hanafi school of thought, 'Prostration of Recitation' (Sajda-e-Tilaawah - سجدة التلاوة) is obligatory (Fardh). With Shafii and Maliki, it is Sunnah.

It is in Hadith - 'When you have recited a verse requiring Sajdah-e-Tilaawaah, you should go down for Sajdah with Allahu-Akbar and rise from Sajdah with Allahu-Akbar, which may be performed sitting, though it is preferable to prostrate oneself from the standing position. (Abu Dawood)

Have the intention to do Prostration of recitation (سجدة التلاوة). The place where you are reading/reciting Quran should be clean. Turn towards Qibla, say (quietly) Allahu Akbar, go into prostration once, recite the 'Tasbih of Sajdah' 'Subhana Rabbi al-A'alaa' (سبحان ربّي الاعلى ) at least 3 times and raise from the Sajda saying Allahu Akbar.

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