TAFSEER-E-ASEDI

By
Shaikh Mir Asedullah Quadri


سورة التوبة

The Repentance

At-Tawbah | Sura # 9 | 129 verses | Madinan

بَرَاءَةٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ إِلَى الَّذِينَ عَاهَدْتُمْ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ١

9:1 (This is) a declaration of complete absolution on the part of Allah and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) (from all obligations) to those of the polytheists with whom you had entered into a treaty (which was broken by them repeatedly).

In the beginning of Sura at-Tawba, Tasmia (بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ) is not written. It is most likely that the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) did not dictate it at the beginning of this Sura.

Sura at-Tawba consists of 3 discourses, the first, verse 1-37 was revealed in Zil Qa'dah, 9 AH when Muslims had departed for Hajj. This discourse consists of new regulations for the Mushrikeen of Arabian Peninsula.

The second discourse, verse 38-72 was revealed in Rajab 9 AH when the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) was preparing for the campaign of Tabuk.

The third discourse, verses 73-129 was revealed after the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) returned from the campaign of Tabuk.

فَسِيحُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّكُمْ غَيْرُ مُعْجِزِي اللَّهِ ۙ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ مُخْزِي الْكَافِرِينَ٢

9:2 (O' breakers of the treaties) you may go about  in the land freely for four months, but bear in mind that you cannot escape from Allah, and that Allah will (surely) humiliate the disbelievers.

It is reported that verses 1-37 of Sura at-Tauba were revealed in 9 AH when Muslims had departed for Hajj under the leadership of Abu Bakr Siddique (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ). When these verses were revealed, Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) decided to declare the conditions laid down in the verses openly. Ali (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ) was despatched to proclaim the following new regulations in front of the large gathering of pilgrims.

(i) No disbeliever will enter Paradise.

(ii) No disbeliever should perform Hajj after this.

(iii) It is forbidden to move around K'aba in a naked state.

(iv) Those who have not violated the treaties with Muslim and whose term is still in force will be honored till the expiry of their terms.

BRIEF HISTORY

After the conquest of Makka in Ramadhan, 8 AH, Hajj was performed by Muslims. The Mushrikeen participated in it as per their customs. The second Hajj in 9 AH was performed as per pure Islamic way by Muslims. The Mushrikeen participated in Hajj as well, as per their own customs. The above declarations were made during this Hajj disallowing Mushrikeen to participate in Hajj from the following year. The Hajj in 10 AH, known as 'Hajja-tul-Widaa', was performed under the guidance of Prophet Mohammad (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) in a purely Islamic way in which Mushrikeen were not allowed to participate.

وَأَذَانٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ إِلَى النَّاسِ يَوْمَ الْحَجِّ الْأَكْبَرِ أَنَّ اللَّهَ بَرِيءٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ۙ وَرَسُولُهُ ۚ فَإِنْ تُبْتُمْ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ ۖ وَإِنْ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ فَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّكُمْ غَيْرُ مُعْجِزِي اللَّهِ ۗ وَبَشِّرِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ٣

9:3 A proclamation is (made) this day of the Greater Pilgrimage on the part of Allah and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم), that Allah is not bound (by any contract) to idolaters, nor is His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم). It is, therefore, better for you to repent. If you do not, remember that you cannot elude (the grip of) Allah. So announce to those who deny the truth the news of painful punishment.

إِلَّا الَّذِينَ عَاهَدْتُمْ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَنْقُصُوكُمْ شَيْئًا وَلَمْ يُظَاهِرُوا عَلَيْكُمْ أَحَدًا فَأَتِمُّوا إِلَيْهِمْ عَهْدَهُمْ إِلَىٰ مُدَّتِهِمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُتَّقِينَ٤

9:4 Except those idolaters with whom you have a treaty, who have not failed you in the least, nor helped anyone against you. Fulfill your obligations to them during the term (of the treaty). Allah loves those who take heed for themselves.

فَإِذَا انْسَلَخَ الْأَشْهُرُ الْحُرُمُ فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ وَخُذُوهُمْ وَاحْصُرُوهُمْ وَاقْعُدُوا لَهُمْ كُلَّ مَرْصَدٍ ۚ فَإِنْ تَابُوا وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَوُا الزَّكَاةَ فَخَلُّوا سَبِيلَهُمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ٥

9:5 But when these months, prohibited (for fighting), are over, kill the idolaters (who have broken the treaties and double crossed Muslims) wheresoever you find them, and take them captive or besiege them, and lie in wait for them at every likely place. But if they repent and fulfill their devotional obligations and pay  Zakat, then let them go their way, for Allah is All Forgiving, Most Merciful.

وَإِنْ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ اسْتَجَارَكَ فَأَجِرْهُ حَتَّىٰ يَسْمَعَ كَلَامَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ أَبْلِغْهُ مَأْمَنَهُ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ٦

9:6 If an idolater seeks protection, then give him asylum that he may hear the word of Allah. Then escort him to a place of safety, for they are people who do not know.

كَيْفَ يَكُونُ لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ عَهْدٌ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَعِنْدَ رَسُولِهِ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ عَاهَدْتُمْ عِنْدَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ ۖ فَمَا اسْتَقَامُوا لَكُمْ فَاسْتَقِيمُوا لَهُمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُتَّقِينَ٧

9:7 How can there be, for the polytheists, a treaty in the sight of Allah and with His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم), except for those with whom you made a treaty near al-Masjid al-Haram? So as long as they are upright toward you, be upright toward them. Indeed, Allah loves the righteous.

كَيْفَ وَإِنْ يَظْهَرُوا عَلَيْكُمْ لَا يَرْقُبُوا فِيكُمْ إِلًّا وَلَا ذِمَّةً ۚ يُرْضُونَكُمْ بِأَفْوَاهِهِمْ وَتَأْبَىٰ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَأَكْثَرُهُمْ فَاسِقُونَ٨

9:8 Therefore how can there be a treaty when they are such that if they overpower you, they would not have regard for any relations nor for any treaty? They please you with their mouths whereas their hearts contain rejection; and most of them are disobedient.

اشْتَرَوْا بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا فَصَدُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِهِ ۚ إِنَّهُمْ سَاءَ مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ٩

9:9 They barter away the words of Allah for a petty price, and obstruct (others) from His path. How evil indeed are the things they do?

لَا يَرْقُبُونَ فِي مُؤْمِنٍ إِلًّا وَلَا ذِمَّةً ۚ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُعْتَدُونَ١٠

9:10 They have no regard for kinship or treaties with believers, for they are transgressors.

فَإِنْ تَابُوا وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَوُا الزَّكَاةَ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ ۗ وَنُفَصِّلُ الْآيَاتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ١١

9:11 But if they repent and are firm in devotion and pay the Zakat, then they are your brothers in faith. We explain Our commands distinctly for those who understand.

وَإِنْ نَكَثُوا أَيْمَانَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ عَهْدِهِمْ وَطَعَنُوا فِي دِينِكُمْ فَقَاتِلُوا أَئِمَّةَ الْكُفْرِ ۙ إِنَّهُمْ لَا أَيْمَانَ لَهُمْ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَنْتَهُونَ١٢

9:12 But if they break their pledges after their having made a treaty and revile your religion, then fight the leaders of disbelievers so that they may desist (from aggression). Indeed, they have no (regard) to their pledges. 

أَلَا تُقَاتِلُونَ قَوْمًا نَكَثُوا أَيْمَانَهُمْ وَهَمُّوا بِإِخْرَاجِ الرَّسُولِ وَهُمْ بَدَءُوكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ ۚ أَتَخْشَوْنَهُمْ ۚ فَاللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَنْ تَخْشَوْهُ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ١٣

9:13 Will you not fight those who broke their pledge and plotted to expel the Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم), and who were the first to attack you? Are you afraid of them? Allah has more right that you should fear Him, if you have faith.

قَاتِلُوهُمْ يُعَذِّبْهُمُ اللَّهُ بِأَيْدِيكُمْ وَيُخْزِهِمْ وَيَنْصُرْكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَيَشْفِ صُدُورَ قَوْمٍ مُؤْمِنِينَ١٤

9:14 Fight with them; Allah will punish them by your hands and will disgrace them and give you victory over them and He will soothe the hearts of the believers.

وَيُذْهِبْ غَيْظَ قُلُوبِهِمْ ۗ وَيَتُوبُ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ١٥

9:15 And remove the anger from their (believers) hearts; for Allah turns to whosoever He desires. Allah is All Knowing and All Wise.

The proclamation of abrogation of the treaties was necessitated against those tribes who were trying to harm Muslims in spite of their peace treaties. After the abrogation of the treaties, the Mushrikeen in Arabian Peninsula realized that they had become outlaws and have no options left for them. They also realized that they cannot incite the neighboring Roman or Persian empires against Muslims or create anarchy in the State. The declaration had far reaching effects and helped Islamic State during the caliphate of Hadhrat Abu Bakr Siddique (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ) during the wars of Apostasy (حروب الردة) in which the last traces of Shirk were eliminated from Arabian Peninsula.

أَمْ حَسِبْتُمْ أَنْ تُتْرَكُوا وَلَمَّا يَعْلَمِ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ جَاهَدُوا مِنْكُمْ وَلَمْ يَتَّخِذُوا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ وَلَا رَسُولِهِ وَلَا الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَلِيجَةً ۚ وَاللَّهُ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ١٦

9:16 Or did you think that you would be left (without being tried through suffering and hardship) unless Allah marks out those among you who really strive (in His way), and relied on no one other than Allah and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) and the believers, to seek help and solidarity? Allah is fully aware of all that you do.

مَا كَانَ لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ أَنْ يَعْمُرُوا مَسَاجِدَ اللَّهِ شَاهِدِينَ عَلَىٰ أَنْفُسِهِمْ بِالْكُفْرِ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ وَفِي النَّارِ هُمْ خَالِدُونَ١٧

9:17 The idolaters have no right to visit the mosques of Allah while bearing testimony to their disbelief. Meaningless will be their acts, and they will be in Hell for ever.

إِنَّمَا يَعْمُرُ مَسَاجِدَ اللَّهِ مَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَأَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَى الزَّكَاةَ وَلَمْ يَخْشَ إِلَّا اللَّهَ ۖ فَعَسَىٰ أُولَٰئِكَ أَنْ يَكُونُوا مِنَ الْمُهْتَدِينَ١٨

9:18 Only those who believe in Allah and the Last Day, who establish Salah, pay Zakat, and fear no one but Allah, can maintain the mosques of Allah.  It is likely that they will be among the people of guidance.

أَجَعَلْتُمْ سِقَايَةَ الْحَاجِّ وَعِمَارَةَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ كَمَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَجَاهَدَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ۚ لَا يَسْتَوُونَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ١٩

9:19 Do you consider providing water to the pilgrims and serving the Sacred Mosque as equal in value to one who believes in Allah and the Last Day, and strives in Allah's cause? They are not equal in Allah's sight. And Allah does not guide the oppressing folk.

الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَهَاجَرُوا وَجَاهَدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ أَعْظَمُ دَرَجَةً عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ۚ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْفَائِزُونَ٢٠

9:20 Those who have believed and migrated, and waged jihad in the way of Allah with their possessions and persons have a greater rank near Allah, and it is they who are successful.

يُبَشِّرُهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ بِرَحْمَةٍ مِنْهُ وَرِضْوَانٍ وَجَنَّاتٍ لَهُمْ فِيهَا نَعِيمٌ مُقِيمٌ٢١

9:21 Their Lord gives them the good news of His Mercy and acceptance.  There will be gardens for them with lasting bliss.

خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا أَبَدًا ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِنْدَهُ أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ٢٢

9:22 They will abide therein for ever. Indeed with Allah is the great reward.

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا آبَاءَكُمْ وَإِخْوَانَكُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ إِنِ اسْتَحَبُّوا الْكُفْرَ عَلَى الْإِيمَانِ ۚ وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِنْكُمْ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ٢٣

9:23 O' you who believe, do not hold your fathers and brothers as friends if they hold disbelief more dear than faith; and those of you who do so are unjust.

قُلْ إِنْ كَانَ آبَاؤُكُمْ وَأَبْنَاؤُكُمْ وَإِخْوَانُكُمْ وَأَزْوَاجُكُمْ وَعَشِيرَتُكُمْ وَأَمْوَالٌ اقْتَرَفْتُمُوهَا وَتِجَارَةٌ تَخْشَوْنَ كَسَادَهَا وَمَسَاكِنُ تَرْضَوْنَهَا أَحَبَّ إِلَيْكُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَجِهَادٍ فِي سَبِيلِهِ فَتَرَبَّصُوا حَتَّىٰ يَأْتِيَ اللَّهُ بِأَمْرِهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْفَاسِقِينَ٢٤

9:24 Say : 'If your fathers, and your children, and your brothers and sisters, and your spouses, and your kindred and clan, and the wealth you have acquired, and the business you fear may suffer, and the dwellings that you love to live in, are dearer to you than Allah and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) and striving in His way, then wait until Allah brings about His decree. Allah does not guide the transgressing people.

لَقَدْ نَصَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي مَوَاطِنَ كَثِيرَةٍ ۙ وَيَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ ۙ إِذْ أَعْجَبَتْكُمْ كَثْرَتُكُمْ فَلَمْ تُغْنِ عَنْكُمْ شَيْئًا وَضَاقَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْأَرْضُ بِمَا رَحُبَتْ ثُمَّ وَلَّيْتُمْ مُدْبِرِينَ٢٥

9:25 Allah has certainly helped you in many situations, and on the day of Hunayn, when your great number elated you, but it did not avail you in any way, and the earth became narrow for you in spite of its expanse, whereupon you turned your backs and retreated. 

The battle of Hunain took place in the valley of Hunain that lies between Taaif and Makkah in Shawwal, 8 AH, a few days after the fall of Makka. The Muslim army consisted of 12000 fighters while the Hawazin fighters were 4000. Since Muslims outnumbered the Mushrikeen, some of them showed pride on the numerical strength of Muslims over the enemy. However, this did not help Muslims as the archers of the Hawazin tribe wrought havoc among the Muslim army and compelled them to retreat in panic. But the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) stood the ground along with a few of his bravest companions. The Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) called the fighters to the battle field. They regrouped and rallied and routed the enemy. In this battle also, Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) helped Muslims by sending angels to help them win the war.

ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِ وَعَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَنْزَلَ جُنُودًا لَمْ تَرَوْهَا وَعَذَّبَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ۚ وَذَٰلِكَ جَزَاءُ الْكَافِرِينَ٢٦

9:26 Thereafter Allah sent down His peace and composure upon His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) and the believers, and He sent down invisible troops you did not see and punished those who  disbelieved.  Such is the retribution of the infidels.

ثُمَّ يَتُوبُ اللَّهُ مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَىٰ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ٢٧

9:27 Yet Allah may turn (even) after this to whomsoever He pleases, for Allah  is All Forgiving All Merciful.

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّمَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ نَجَسٌ فَلَا يَقْرَبُوا الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ بَعْدَ عَامِهِمْ هَٰذَا ۚ وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ عَيْلَةً فَسَوْفَ يُغْنِيكُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ٢٨

9:28 O you who believe, the polytheists are indeed unclean.  Let them not approach the Holy Mosque after this year. Should you fear poverty, Allah will enrich you out of His grace, if He wishes. Indeed Allah is All Knowing, All Wise.

قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَلَا يُحَرِّمُونَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَلَا يَدِينُونَ دِينَ الْحَقِّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حَتَّىٰ يُعْطُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ٢٩

9:29 Fight those who do not have faith in Allah nor in the Last Day, nor forbid what Allah and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) have forbidden, nor follow the true religion, from among those who were given the Book, until they pay the Jizyah (tax for protection and exemption from military service) with a willing hand in the state of submission.

وَقَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ عُزَيْرٌ ابْنُ اللَّهِ وَقَالَتِ النَّصَارَى الْمَسِيحُ ابْنُ اللَّهِ ۖ ذَٰلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ بِأَفْوَاهِهِمْ ۖ يُضَاهِئُونَ قَوْلَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ قَبْلُ ۚ قَاتَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ ۚ أَنَّىٰ يُؤْفَكُونَ٣٠

9:30 The Jews say, 'Uzair (عليه السلام) is the son of Allah'; and the Christians say, 'The Isa (عليه السلام) is the son of Allah.'  That is their statement from their mouths; they imitate the saying of those who disbelieved (before them). May Allah destroy them; how are they deluded?

اتَّخَذُوا أَحْبَارَهُمْ وَرُهْبَانَهُمْ أَرْبَابًا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ وَالْمَسِيحَ ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ وَمَا أُمِرُوا إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُوا إِلَٰهًا وَاحِدًا ۖ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ۚ سُبْحَانَهُ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ٣١

9:31 The Jews take their rabbis and the Christians take their monks as well as Isa Ibn Maryam (عليه السلام), as gods besides Allah  whereas they were commanded to worship none but the One God. There is no God but Allah, exalted is He above all they associate with Him.

يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يُطْفِئُوا نُورَ اللَّهِ بِأَفْوَاهِهِمْ وَيَأْبَى اللَّهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يُتِمَّ نُورَهُ وَلَوْ كَرِهَ الْكَافِرُونَ٣٢

9:32 They want to extinguish the light of Allah with their mouths, but Allah refuses, except to perfect His light, although the disbelievers dislike it.

هُوَ الَّذِي أَرْسَلَ رَسُولَهُ بِالْهُدَىٰ وَدِينِ الْحَقِّ لِيُظْهِرَهُ عَلَى الدِّينِ كُلِّهِ وَلَوْ كَرِهَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ٣٣

9:33 It is He who has sent His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) with guidance and the Religion of truth that He may make it prevail over all religions, however hateful this may be to those who associate partners with Allah.

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّ كَثِيرًا مِنَ الْأَحْبَارِ وَالرُّهْبَانِ لَيَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوَالَ النَّاسِ بِالْبَاطِلِ وَيَصُدُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ۗ وَالَّذِينَ يَكْنِزُونَ الذَّهَبَ وَالْفِضَّةَ وَلَا يُنْفِقُونَهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَبَشِّرْهُمْ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ٣٤

9:34 O People who Believe! Indeed many of the (Jewish) rabbis and the (Christian) monks unjustly devour people's wealth and prevent (people) from Allah’s way; and those who hoard up gold and silver and do not spend it in Allah’s way,  give them tidings of a painful punishment.

يَوْمَ يُحْمَىٰ عَلَيْهَا فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ فَتُكْوَىٰ بِهَا جِبَاهُهُمْ وَجُنُوبُهُمْ وَظُهُورُهُمْ ۖ هَٰذَا مَا كَنَزْتُمْ لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ فَذُوقُوا مَا كُنْتُمْ تَكْنِزُونَ٣٥

9:35 On that day, it (the hoarded wealth) will be heated in the fire of Hell and their foreheads and their sides and their backs will be branded with it. (They will be told),  'This is the treasure which you hoarded for yourselves; taste now what you were busy hoarding.'

إِنَّ عِدَّةَ الشُّهُورِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْرًا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَةٌ حُرُمٌ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ الدِّينُ الْقَيِّمُ ۚ فَلَا تَظْلِمُوا فِيهِنَّ أَنْفُسَكُمْ ۚ وَقَاتِلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ كَافَّةً كَمَا يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ كَافَّةً ۚ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الْمُتَّقِينَ٣٦

9:36 Indeed the number of months with Allah is twelve months in Allah’s Book, from the day when He created the heavens and the earth. Of these, four are sacred. That is the upright religion. So do not wrong yourselves during them. Fight with all the polytheists, just as they fight with you all, and know that Allah is with the pious.

Ever since the creation of this Cosmos, the counting of an year has been for 12 months. The 4 sacred months are Dhul-Qaadah, Dhul-Hijjah, and Muharram and the month of Rajab. Muslims were forbidden to fight during these months. However, if the Pagans do not desist from fighting during these months Muslims can also fight with them.

It is in Quran - يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِيهِ ۖ قُلْ قِتَالٌ فِيهِ كَبِيرٌ ۖ وَصَدٌّ عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَكُفْرٌ بِهِ وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَإِخْرَاجُ أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ أَكْبَرُ عِندَ اللَّهِ ۚ وَالْفِتْنَةُ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ [They ask you about the sacred month - about fighting therein. Say, "Fighting therein is great (sin), but averting (people) from the way of Allah and disbelief in Him and (preventing access to) al-Masjid al-Haram and the expulsion of its people therefrom are greater (evil) in the sight of Allah. And fitnah is greater than killing. ] (Al-Baqara - 217)

BRIEF HISTORY

Before the advent of Islam, there was extreme animosity and internal warfare among various tribes of Arabia. No person, tribe or Caravan was considered safe to travel fearing aggression, plunder, capture and killing. However, the Sacred House of Kaba was held in honor by all Arab tribes unanimously. They all accepted three months of Hajj, namely, Dhul-Qaadah, Dhul-Hijjah, and Muharram and the month of Rajab dedicated for Umrah as absolutely sacred wherein any type of war or aggression was absolutely prohibited and treated as a sacrilege.

In all, the turmoil that existed in the Arabian peninsula, it was only in these four sacred months that people could travel and move about in absolute safety and without fear and perform the pilgrimage of Hajj or Umrah at the Sacred House in Makkah. The other huge benefit was it was during these months that the trade caravans moved about their business, crossing the vast Arabian desert towards Syria in the north and Yemen in the south. This tradition was continued after the advent of Islam as well.

إِنَّمَا النَّسِيءُ زِيَادَةٌ فِي الْكُفْرِ ۖ يُضَلُّ بِهِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يُحِلُّونَهُ عَامًا وَيُحَرِّمُونَهُ عَامًا لِيُوَاطِئُوا عِدَّةَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ فَيُحِلُّوا مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ ۚ زُيِّنَ لَهُمْ سُوءُ أَعْمَالِهِمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْكَافِرِينَ٣٧

9:37 Indeed, the postponing (of restriction within sacred months) is an increase in disbelief by which those who have disbelieved are led (further) astray. They make it lawful one year and unlawful another year to correspond to the number made unlawful by Allah and (thus) make lawful what Allah has made unlawful. Their evil deeds seem good in their sight.  Allah does not guide the disbelievers.

The pagans in Arabian Peninsula practiced 'Nasi' (النَّسِي) by which they used to increase the number of months from 12 to 13 or change the sequence of months as per their desires. This practice allowed them to interchange the sacred months in a given year. The practice of 'Nasi' (النَّسِي) was carried out in two ways, as follows:

(i) Whenever it suited them, the pagans would declare a prohibited month to be an ordinary month in which fighting, robbery and murder-in-retaliation were made lawful. Then they would declare an ordinary month to be a sacred month in order to make up for the deficiency caused in the number of the sacred months.

(ii) They used to add a month in lunar calendar in order to reconcile it with solar calendar. They used to do it in order that the Hajj fall in the same season every year. This way Hajj was performed on different dates (not on actual dates) for 36 years in a row. The 37th year, it used to fall on the actual dates 9th and 10 of Dhul Hijja.

The practice of Nasi was forbidden by Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) during the Hajj of 9 AH. The following year, the Hajj in 10 AH, was performed on the right dates and since then the Hajj is being performed on 9th and 10th Dhul Hijja for the past 1400 years.

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَا لَكُمْ إِذَا قِيلَ لَكُمُ انْفِرُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ اثَّاقَلْتُمْ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ ۚ أَرَضِيتُمْ بِالْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا مِنَ الْآخِرَةِ ۚ فَمَا مَتَاعُ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا فِي الْآخِرَةِ إِلَّا قَلِيلٌ٣٨

9:38 O you who believe! What excuse do you have that when it is said to you, 'mobilize (for the campaign of Tabuk) in Allah's cause'; you cling heavily to the earth? Are you content with the present worldly life, rather than the Hereafter? And the wealth of the life of this world, in comparison with the Hereafter, is very little (negligible).

The verses 38-72 of Sura at-Tawba were revealed when the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) was preparing for the campaign of Tabuk.

BRIEF HISTORY

The Arabian Peninsula uniting under Islamic rule alerted both the neighboring super powers, Byzantine in the west and Sasanian (Persian) in the East.

Towards the end of 9 AH (630 AD) Muslims came to know that Byzantine Emperor Heraclius had begun preparations for war against Muslims in cooperation with the allied Arab Christian tribes of Lakhm, Djudham, Amila, Ghassan, etc. Upon hearing this news, the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) ordered to make preparations for the battle with the Byzantine. It was peak summer, added to it was famine and drought. Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) wanted to quell the enemy at its border. Many companions made significant contributions to arm Muslim fighters. But the hypocrites started to complain that it was not appropriate to travel such a long distance of 600 kilometers in hot desert and fight with a formidable Army of Byzantine empire. Many of the hypocrites came up with excuses to avoid participating in the campaign.

The Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) set out with an army of 30,000 fighters to Tabuk in the hot desert. When they reached Tabuk in Rajab, 9 AH, they camped there for about 20 days but found no sign of Byzantine Army.

During this stay, the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) sent units to Christian and Jewish populations bordering the Byzantine empire, like Jarba', Eila, Adhruh, Maqna, and Ma’an to spread the message of Islam. These populations refused to accept Islam, but agreed to pay protection tax (Jizya) and live as citizens of the Muslim State. Peace treaties were made with these populations promising to protect their lives, property and freedom of belief.

Realizing the hostility of Duwmat al-Jandal population on Iraq route, Khaled Ibn Walid (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ) was sent with a military unit of 400 fighters. Muslims took over their fortress and captured their Chief who was brought to the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم). He was set free with a treaty to pay protection tax (Jizya).

The Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) also sent a letter to Heraculius who was said to be in Dimashq (Damascus). The letter was taken by Dihyah ibn Khalifah al-Kalbi (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ). Three alternatives were offered to Heraculius in the letter, viz., (i) accepting Islam, (ii) paying Jizya, (iii) or fighting. He was also asked not to stop people from his Kingdom who wanted to accept Islam. It is reported that after receiving the letter, the emperor consulted his religious and military officials and sent a member of the Christian Arab tribe of Banu Tanuh to Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم).

The Tabuk campaign proved to be a test for the Muslims and the army taking part in this campaign were referred to as 'The Army of Hardship'. Many verses in Sura at-Tawba have described the situation in detail, particularly the attitude of the hypocrites who tried to create mischief during this campaign.

إِلَّا تَنْفِرُوا يُعَذِّبْكُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا وَيَسْتَبْدِلْ قَوْمًا غَيْرَكُمْ وَلَا تَضُرُّوهُ شَيْئًا ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ٣٩

9:39 If you do not go forth, He will punish you with a painful punishment and will replace you with another people, and you will in no way can do anything.  Allah has power over all the things.

It was an obligatory duty for all Muslims to participate in Tabuk campaign. If anyone does not participate in it without a compelling excuse, his belief was questionable. This is the reason that Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) warned people of a grave punishment to an extent that He will replace them with another people altogether.

إِلَّا تَنْصُرُوهُ فَقَدْ نَصَرَهُ اللَّهُ إِذْ أَخْرَجَهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ثَانِيَ اثْنَيْنِ إِذْ هُمَا فِي الْغَارِ إِذْ يَقُولُ لِصَاحِبِهِ لَا تَحْزَنْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَنَا ۖ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُ عَلَيْهِ وَأَيَّدَهُ بِجُنُودٍ لَمْ تَرَوْهَا وَجَعَلَ كَلِمَةَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا السُّفْلَىٰ ۗ وَكَلِمَةُ اللَّهِ هِيَ الْعُلْيَا ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ٤٠

9:40 If you do not help him (the Apostle ﷺ), yet for certain Allah helped him when those who disbelieve drove him out (of his home during the Hijrah), the second of the two when they were in the cave (with those in pursuit of them having reached the mouth of the cave), and he said to his companion  'Do not grieve. Allah is with us.' Then Allah sent  inner peace and reassurance on him, supported him with hosts you cannot see, and brought the word  of the unbelievers utterly low. And Allah's word is  supreme. Allah is majestically mighty and wise.

The above verse refers to Prophet's (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) immigration to Madina.

When Makkan Pagans plotted to assassinate the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم), he immigrated from Makka to Madina along with Abu Bakr Siddique (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ). On the way, the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) remained hidden in Thaur cave for three nights. The Pagans searched for him all over the place and some of them even reached the very mouth of the cave where he was hiding. On this Abu Bakr Siddique (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ) got alarmed. But the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) reassured him saying, 'Do not grieve, indeed Allah is with us.'

انْفِرُوا خِفَافًا وَثِقَالًا وَجَاهِدُوا بِأَمْوَالِكُمْ وَأَنْفُسِكُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ٤١

9:41 Mobilize (for war) whether you are equipped lightly or heavily  and strive with your wealth and persons in Allah's cause. This is better for you if you understand.

لَوْ كَانَ عَرَضًا قَرِيبًا وَسَفَرًا قَاصِدًا لَاتَّبَعُوكَ وَلَٰكِنْ بَعُدَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الشُّقَّةُ ۚ وَسَيَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ لَوِ اسْتَطَعْنَا لَخَرَجْنَا مَعَكُمْ يُهْلِكُونَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّهُمْ لَكَاذِبُونَ٤٢

9:42 Had there been an immediate gain, and an easy journey, those (who stayed behind because of hypocrisy) would surely have followed you, but the difficult journey was too distant for them. Yet they will swear by Allah, 'if only we had been able to, we would surely have gone forth with you.' They destroy their own selves, for Allah knows that they are liars.

عَفَا اللَّهُ عَنْكَ لِمَ أَذِنْتَ لَهُمْ حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكَ الَّذِينَ صَدَقُوا وَتَعْلَمَ الْكَاذِبِينَ٤٣

9:43 May Allah give you grace! Why did you give them leave to stay behind until it became clear to you who was speaking the truth and you came to know the liars.

لَا يَسْتَأْذِنُكَ الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ يُجَاهِدُوا بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالْمُتَّقِينَ٤٤

9:44 And those who believe in Allah and the Last Day will not seek exemption from you for not fighting with their wealth and their person; and Allah knows well who are pious.

إِنَّمَا يَسْتَأْذِنُكَ الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَارْتَابَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ فَهُمْ فِي رَيْبِهِمْ يَتَرَدَّدُونَ٤٥

9:45 Only those would ask for exemption, who do not believe in Allah and the Last Day, and whose hearts are in doubt , and because of their lack of conviction, they are hesitating. 

وَلَوْ أَرَادُوا الْخُرُوجَ لَأَعَدُّوا لَهُ عُدَّةً وَلَٰكِنْ كَرِهَ اللَّهُ انْبِعَاثَهُمْ فَثَبَّطَهُمْ وَقِيلَ اقْعُدُوا مَعَ الْقَاعِدِينَ٤٦

9:46 Had they meant to go forth for war, they would have made certain preparation. But Allah was averse to their rising to fight (unwillingly), and so He caused them to hold back, and it was decreed for them. 'Stay at home with the stay-at-homes (women and children).' 

لَوْ خَرَجُوا فِيكُمْ مَا زَادُوكُمْ إِلَّا خَبَالًا وَلَأَوْضَعُوا خِلَالَكُمْ يَبْغُونَكُمُ الْفِتْنَةَ وَفِيكُمْ سَمَّاعُونَ لَهُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالظَّالِمِينَ٤٧

9:47 If they had gone forth among you, they would have brought no addition to you except trouble, and would have run about in your midst seeking to stir up sedition among you. Among you were some who were prone to heed them. Allah has full knowledge of the wrongdoers. 

لَقَدِ ابْتَغَوُا الْفِتْنَةَ مِنْ قَبْلُ وَقَلَّبُوا لَكَ الْأُمُورَ حَتَّىٰ جَاءَ الْحَقُّ وَظَهَرَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ وَهُمْ كَارِهُونَ٤٨

9:48 They sought to stir up dissension  before, and tried to turn things upside down to create disorder, until the truth came and Allah's decree was made evident, however hateful this was to them. 

وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ ائْذَنْ لِي وَلَا تَفْتِنِّي ۚ أَلَا فِي الْفِتْنَةِ سَقَطُوا ۗ وَإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ لَمُحِيطَةٌ بِالْكَافِرِينَ٤٩

9:49 And among them there is one who says, 'allow me (to stay back at home), and don't put me on trial'. Surely they have put themselves on trial already, and Hell will enclose the unbelievers from all sides.  

The hypocrites were inventing excuses in front of the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) to avoid participating in Jihad. One of these was Jad bin Qais, who is reported to have came to the Prophet ( صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) and said, 'I am a lover of beauty and my people know that I am very weak in regard to women. Therefore I am afraid to go lest the beauty of Roman women tempt me into sin. 'Thus, do not put me into trial.'

إِنْ تُصِبْكَ حَسَنَةٌ تَسُؤْهُمْ ۖ وَإِنْ تُصِبْكَ مُصِيبَةٌ يَقُولُوا قَدْ أَخَذْنَا أَمْرَنَا مِنْ قَبْلُ وَيَتَوَلَّوْا وَهُمْ فَرِحُونَ٥٠

9:50 If good comes your way they are vexed, but if calamity befalls you, they say, 'We had taken precautions in advance' and pleased they turn away.  

قُلْ لَنْ يُصِيبَنَا إِلَّا مَا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَنَا هُوَ مَوْلَانَا ۚ وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ٥١

9:51 Tell them, 'Nothing can befall us except what Allah decrees. Our protector is He, and in Allah should the faithful place their trust.'

قُلْ هَلْ تَرَبَّصُونَ بِنَا إِلَّا إِحْدَى الْحُسْنَيَيْنِ ۖ وَنَحْنُ نَتَرَبَّصُ بِكُمْ أَنْ يُصِيبَكُمُ اللَّهُ بِعَذَابٍ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ أَوْ بِأَيْدِينَا ۖ فَتَرَبَّصُوا إِنَّا مَعَكُمْ مُتَرَبِّصُونَ٥٢

9:52 Tell them 'Are you waiting for anything else but one of two good things for us, (victory or martyrdom)? Yet what we are waiting for you is the punishment of Allah, direct or through us. So keep waiting; we are waiting with you.'

قُلْ أَنْفِقُوا طَوْعًا أَوْ كَرْهًا لَنْ يُتَقَبَّلَ مِنْكُمْ ۖ إِنَّكُمْ كُنْتُمْ قَوْمًا فَاسِقِينَ٥٣

9:53 Tell them : 'You may spend (in Allah's cause), willingly or unwillingly, it will not be accepted from you, for you are disobedient people.

The above verse refers to those hypocrites who wanted to stay back but offered some monetary contributions in order to hide their hypocrisy. To this Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) retorted, saying, 'Whatever you may contribute, it shall not be accepted.'

وَمَا مَنَعَهُمْ أَنْ تُقْبَلَ مِنْهُمْ نَفَقَاتُهُمْ إِلَّا أَنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا بِاللَّهِ وَبِرَسُولِهِ وَلَا يَأْتُونَ الصَّلَاةَ إِلَّا وَهُمْ كُسَالَىٰ وَلَا يُنْفِقُونَ إِلَّا وَهُمْ كَارِهُونَ٥٤

9:54 And their spending was not stopped being accepted, except because they disbelieved in Allah and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم), and they come to prayer with heavy heart, and they do not spend except grudgingly.

فَلَا تُعْجِبْكَ أَمْوَالُهُمْ وَلَا أَوْلَادُهُمْ ۚ إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُعَذِّبَهُمْ بِهَا فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَتَزْهَقَ أَنْفُسُهُمْ وَهُمْ كَافِرُونَ٥٥

9:55 (O' believers) Let neither their wealth nor their children impress you.  Allah only wills thereby to punish them in the life of this world and that their souls will depart while they are unbelievers.

وَيَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّهُمْ لَمِنْكُمْ وَمَا هُمْ مِنْكُمْ وَلَٰكِنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ يَفْرَقُونَ٥٦

9:56 They swear by Allah they are indeed of you, though in fact they are not. They are only a frightened lot.

لَوْ يَجِدُونَ مَلْجَأً أَوْ مَغَارَاتٍ أَوْ مُدَّخَلًا لَوَلَّوْا إِلَيْهِ وَهُمْ يَجْمَحُونَ٥٧

9:57 If they find a place of shelter or a cave or hole to hide, they will turn to it.

وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَلْمِزُكَ فِي الصَّدَقَاتِ فَإِنْ أُعْطُوا مِنْهَا رَضُوا وَإِنْ لَمْ يُعْطَوْا مِنْهَا إِذَا هُمْ يَسْخَطُونَ٥٨

9:58 Among them are some who find fault with you concerning (the distribution of) alms. If they are given something thereof, they are pleased; but if they are not given anything, they are consumed with rage.

وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ رَضُوا مَا آتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَقَالُوا حَسْبُنَا اللَّهُ سَيُؤْتِينَا اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ وَرَسُولُهُ إِنَّا إِلَى اللَّهِ رَاغِبُونَ٥٩

9:59 They should rather have been pleased with what Allah and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) had given them, and said : 'Allah is sufficient for us; He will give us from His munificence as will His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم). We supplicate no one but Allah.'

إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَاتُ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَالْعَامِلِينَ عَلَيْهَا وَالْمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَفِي الرِّقَابِ وَالْغَارِمِينَ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ ۖ فَرِيضَةً مِنَ اللَّهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ٦٠

9:60 The Zakat is meant for the poor and needy, and those who collect and distribute it, and those whom you wish to win over, and for redeeming slaves (and captives) and those who are burdened with debt, and in the cause of Allah, and the wayfarers.  So does Allah ordains. Allah is All Knowing and All Wise.

وَمِنْهُمُ الَّذِينَ يُؤْذُونَ النَّبِيَّ وَيَقُولُونَ هُوَ أُذُنٌ ۚ قُلْ أُذُنُ خَيْرٍ لَكُمْ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَيُؤْمِنُ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَرَحْمَةٌ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْكُمْ ۚ وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْذُونَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ٦١

9:61 There are some among them who talk ill of the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) by saying : 'He listens to everyone.' Tell them : 'He listens for your good, and trusts in Allah and trusts the faithful, and he is a blessing for those who believe. For those who offend the Apostle of Allah (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) there is painful punishment.'

يَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ لَكُمْ لِيُرْضُوكُمْ وَاللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَحَقُّ أَنْ يُرْضُوهُ إِنْ كَانُوا مُؤْمِنِينَ٦٢

9:62 (O' believers) They (hypocrites) swear to you by Allah  so that you may be pleased with them, while it is Allah and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) they should seek to please, if indeed they are believers.

أَلَمْ يَعْلَمُوا أَنَّهُ مَنْ يُحَادِدِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَأَنَّ لَهُ نَارَ جَهَنَّمَ خَالِدًا فِيهَا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ الْخِزْيُ الْعَظِيمُ٦٣

9:63 Have they not realized that anyone who opposes Allah and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) will abide in Hell? And this is (indeed) the worst disgrace.

يَحْذَرُ الْمُنَافِقُونَ أَنْ تُنَزَّلَ عَلَيْهِمْ سُورَةٌ تُنَبِّئُهُمْ بِمَا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ ۚ قُلِ اسْتَهْزِئُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ مُخْرِجٌ مَا تَحْذَرُونَ٦٤

9:64 The hypocrites fear that a Surah would be revealed concerning them, exposing what is in their hearts.  Tell them, 'Mock as much as you like; Allah  will surely expose what you dread.'

وَلَئِنْ سَأَلْتَهُمْ لَيَقُولُنَّ إِنَّمَا كُنَّا نَخُوضُ وَنَلْعَبُ ۚ قُلْ أَبِاللَّهِ وَآيَاتِهِ وَرَسُولِهِ كُنْتُمْ تَسْتَهْزِئُونَ٦٥

9:65 If you ask them (about their ridicule), they will say : 'We were just joking and playful.'  Say : 'Was it Allah and His Revelations and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) that you were joking about?'

لَا تَعْتَذِرُوا قَدْ كَفَرْتُمْ بَعْدَ إِيمَانِكُمْ ۚ إِنْ نَعْفُ عَنْ طَائِفَةٍ مِنْكُمْ نُعَذِّبْ طَائِفَةً بِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا مُجْرِمِينَ٦٦

9:66 Do not make excuses now. You have indeed disbelieved after your (declaration of) faith. Even if We pardon a section of you (those whose idle talk was not intended to mock Allah and His Apostle ﷺ), We will surely punish another section of you for they have been criminals.

الْمُنَافِقُونَ وَالْمُنَافِقَاتُ بَعْضُهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ ۚ يَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمُنْكَرِ وَيَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَقْبِضُونَ أَيْدِيَهُمْ ۚ نَسُوا اللَّهَ فَنَسِيَهُمْ ۗ إِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ٦٧

9:67 The hypocrites (are the same) whether men or women, enjoining wrong and forbidding right. They encourage what is bad and dissuade from the good, and tighten their purses (for spending in the way of Allah). They are oblivious of Allah, so He is oblivious of them. The hypocrites are indeed transgressors.

وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الْمُنَافِقِينَ وَالْمُنَافِقَاتِ وَالْكُفَّارَ نَارَ جَهَنَّمَ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا ۚ هِيَ حَسْبُهُمْ ۚ وَلَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ ۖ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ مُقِيمٌ٦٨

9:68 Allah has reserved for hypocrites, whether men or women, and for unbelievers, the fire of Hell, where they will abide. This is the retribution for them. They have Allah's condemnation and lasting torment,

كَالَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ كَانُوا أَشَدَّ مِنْكُمْ قُوَّةً وَأَكْثَرَ أَمْوَالًا وَأَوْلَادًا فَاسْتَمْتَعُوا بِخَلَاقِهِمْ فَاسْتَمْتَعْتُمْ بِخَلَاقِكُمْ كَمَا اسْتَمْتَعَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ بِخَلَاقِهِمْ وَخُضْتُمْ كَالَّذِي خَاضُوا ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ ۖ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ٦٩

9:69 (O' disbelievers) You are like those before you; (rather) they were stronger than you in power and more abundant in wealth and children. They enjoyed their portion (of worldly life), and you have enjoyed your portion as those before you enjoyed their portion, and you fell into shame (sin) like they had fallen into shame. (The hypocrites are) those whose deeds have become worthless in this world and in Hereafter, and it is they who are the losers.

أَلَمْ يَأْتِهِمْ نَبَأُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ قَوْمِ نُوحٍ وَعَادٍ وَثَمُودَ وَقَوْمِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَأَصْحَابِ مَدْيَنَ وَالْمُؤْتَفِكَاتِ ۚ أَتَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ ۖ فَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَظْلِمَهُمْ وَلَٰكِنْ كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ٧٠

9:70 Has there not reached them the news of the people before them; the people of Nooh (عليه السلام) and A'ad and Thamud and the people of Ibrahim (عليه السلام) and the companions of Madyan and the towns overturned? Their Apostles came to them with clear proofs. And Allah would never have wronged them, but they have wronged themselves.

وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتُ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءُ بَعْضٍ ۚ يَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَيُقِيمُونَ الصَّلَاةَ وَيُؤْتُونَ الزَّكَاةَ وَيُطِيعُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ سَيَرْحَمُهُمُ اللَّهُ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ٧١

9:71 Those who believe, men and women, befriend one another, and enjoin what is right and prohibit what is wrong. They establish Salah, pay Zakat, and obey Allah and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم). Allah will be Merciful to them, for Allah is All Mighty and All Wise.

وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا وَمَسَاكِنَ طَيِّبَةً فِي جَنَّاتِ عَدْنٍ ۚ وَرِضْوَانٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ أَكْبَرُ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ هُوَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ٧٢

9:72 Allah has promised the believers, both men and women, Gardens through which rivers flow, therein to abide (for ever), and blessed dwellings in Gardens of perpetual bliss; and greater (than those) is Allah is pleased with them. That indeed is the supreme reward.

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ جَاهِدِ الْكُفَّارَ وَالْمُنَافِقِينَ وَاغْلُظْ عَلَيْهِمْ ۚ وَمَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ ۖ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ٧٣

9:73 O' beloved Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) strive against the unbelievers and the hypocrites and deal with them firmly. Their final abode is Hell; how evil is this destination to arrive at.

يَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ مَا قَالُوا وَلَقَدْ قَالُوا كَلِمَةَ الْكُفْرِ وَكَفَرُوا بَعْدَ إِسْلَامِهِمْ وَهَمُّوا بِمَا لَمْ يَنَالُوا ۚ وَمَا نَقَمُوا إِلَّا أَنْ أَغْنَاهُمُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ ۚ فَإِنْ يَتُوبُوا يَكُ خَيْرًا لَهُمْ ۖ وَإِنْ يَتَوَلَّوْا يُعَذِّبْهُمُ اللَّهُ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ ۚ وَمَا لَهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلَا نَصِيرٍ٧٤

9:74 They swear by Allah that they did not say (anything against the Prophet ﷺ) while they had said the word of disbelief, and after having proclamation of faith turned disbelievers, and designed what they could not accomplish. And they were not resentful except (for the fact) that Allah and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) had enriched them of His bounty.  So if they repent, it is better for them; but if they turn away, Allah will punish them with a painful punishment in this world and the Hereafter. And they will have neither a protector nor any supporter on the face of earth.

وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ عَاهَدَ اللَّهَ لَئِنْ آتَانَا مِنْ فَضْلِهِ لَنَصَّدَّقَنَّ وَلَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ٧٥

9:75 And among them are those who made a covenant with Allah, 'If He should give us from His bounty, we will surely spend in charity, and be among the righteous.'

فَلَمَّا آتَاهُمْ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ بَخِلُوا بِهِ وَتَوَلَّوْا وَهُمْ مُعْرِضُونَ٧٦

9:76 But when He gave them of His bounty they became greedy, and then turned away.

فَأَعْقَبَهُمْ نِفَاقًا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ يَلْقَوْنَهُ بِمَا أَخْلَفُوا اللَّهَ مَا وَعَدُوهُ وَبِمَا كَانُوا يَكْذِبُونَ٧٧

9:77 As a consequence of breaking their promise made to Allah, and telling lies, he filled their hearts with hypocrisy which will last till the day they come before Him.

أَلَمْ يَعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ سِرَّهُمْ وَنَجْوَاهُمْ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَّامُ الْغُيُوبِ٧٨

9:78 Do they not know that Allah knows their secrets and the schemes they whisper, and that Allah knows all that is hidden?

الَّذِينَ يَلْمِزُونَ الْمُطَّوِّعِينَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي الصَّدَقَاتِ وَالَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ إِلَّا جُهْدَهُمْ فَيَسْخَرُونَ مِنْهُمْ ۙ سَخِرَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُمْ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ٧٩

9:79 Those who criticize the contributors among the believers concerning (their) charities and (denigrate) the ones who find nothing (to spend) except their effort, so they ridicule them. Allah will ridicule them, and they will have a painful punishment.

اسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ أَوْ لَا تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ إِنْ تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ سَبْعِينَ مَرَّةً فَلَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْفَاسِقِينَ٨٠

9:80 ( O' Prophet  ﷺ) Whether you  pray for their forgiveness or do not pray for their forgiveness, even if you pray for their forgiveness seventy times, Allah will not forgive them. That is because they disbelieve in Allah and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم). Allah does not guide transgressing people.

فَرِحَ الْمُخَلَّفُونَ بِمَقْعَدِهِمْ خِلَافَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ وَكَرِهُوا أَنْ يُجَاهِدُوا بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَقَالُوا لَا تَنْفِرُوا فِي الْحَرِّ ۗ قُلْ نَارُ جَهَنَّمَ أَشَدُّ حَرًّا ۚ لَوْ كَانُوا يَفْقَهُونَ٨١

9:81 Those who stayed behind in opposition to Allah's Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم), being averse to fighting in the way of Allah with their wealth and lives and rejoiced their stay at home and said : 'Do not go forth to war in this heat', tell them (O' Prophet ﷺ) 'The fire of Hell is fiercer in heat.'   If only they had been able to ponder and get to the essence of matters to grasp the truth!

فَلْيَضْحَكُوا قَلِيلًا وَلْيَبْكُوا كَثِيرًا جَزَاءً بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ٨٢

9:82 So let them laugh a little and weep a lot, as a retribution for what they have been earning.

فَإِنْ رَجَعَكَ اللَّهُ إِلَىٰ طَائِفَةٍ مِنْهُمْ فَاسْتَأْذَنُوكَ لِلْخُرُوجِ فَقُلْ لَنْ تَخْرُجُوا مَعِيَ أَبَدًا وَلَنْ تُقَاتِلُوا مَعِيَ عَدُوًّا ۖ إِنَّكُمْ رَضِيتُمْ بِالْقُعُودِ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ فَاقْعُدُوا مَعَ الْخَالِفِينَ٨٣

9:83 When you come back to them by (the grace of) Allah, and they seek your permission to go (to fight), you should tell them : 'You will never go out nor fight the enemy with me any more. You preferred to stay back on the first occasion, so stay at home with those who stay behind.'

وَلَا تُصَلِّ عَلَىٰ أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ مَاتَ أَبَدًا وَلَا تَقُمْ عَلَىٰ قَبْرِهِ ۖ إِنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَمَاتُوا وَهُمْ فَاسِقُونَ٨٤

9:84 And never do the funeral Prayer over any of them who dies, nor stand by his grave to pray for him. They surely disbelieved in Allah and His Apostle and died as transgressors.

وَلَا تُعْجِبْكَ أَمْوَالُهُمْ وَأَوْلَادُهُمْ ۚ إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ أَنْ يُعَذِّبَهُمْ بِهَا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَتَزْهَقَ أَنْفُسُهُمْ وَهُمْ كَافِرُونَ٨٥

9:85 (O' believers) Let not their possessions or their children impress you, Allah wishes to punish them through these in the world, and they will depart (this world) in a state of disbelief.

وَإِذَا أُنْزِلَتْ سُورَةٌ أَنْ آمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَجَاهِدُوا مَعَ رَسُولِهِ اسْتَأْذَنَكَ أُولُو الطَّوْلِ مِنْهُمْ وَقَالُوا ذَرْنَا نَكُنْ مَعَ الْقَاعِدِينَ٨٦

9:86 Whenever a Surah is revealed (saying) : 'Believe in Allah and fight along with His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم), 'the well-to-do among them ask for leave to stay at home, and say : 'Leave us with those who are left behind.'

رَضُوا بِأَنْ يَكُونُوا مَعَ الْخَوَالِفِ وَطُبِعَ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ فَهُمْ لَا يَفْقَهُونَ٨٧

9:87 They prefer to be with women who (are allowed to) stay at home during war.  Their hearts are sealed so they fail to understand.

لَٰكِنِ الرَّسُولُ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَعَهُ جَاهَدُوا بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ ۚ وَأُولَٰئِكَ لَهُمُ الْخَيْرَاتُ ۖ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ٨٨

9:88 But the Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) and those who believe,  in his company have striven in Allah's cause with their wealth and person. They are those for whom are all good things, and they are those who are the prosperous.

أَعَدَّ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ٨٩

9:89 Allah has prepared for them gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide eternally. That is the great success.

وَجَاءَ الْمُعَذِّرُونَ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ لِيُؤْذَنَ لَهُمْ وَقَعَدَ الَّذِينَ كَذَبُوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ۚ سَيُصِيبُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ٩٠

9:90 Some among the Bedouin Arabs having true excuses came (to the Apostle ﷺ) to ask leave to stay behind, whereas those who are false to Allah and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم)  stayed at home. A painful punishment will befall those of them who disbelieve.

لَيْسَ عَلَى الضُّعَفَاءِ وَلَا عَلَى الْمَرْضَىٰ وَلَا عَلَى الَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ مَا يُنْفِقُونَ حَرَجٌ إِذَا نَصَحُوا لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ۚ مَا عَلَى الْمُحْسِنِينَ مِنْ سَبِيلٍ ۚ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ٩١

9:91 There is no blame on the weak, nor on the sick, nor on those who do not find anything to spend, so long as they are sincere to Allah and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم). There is no (cause for) blaming the virtuous, and Allah is All Forgiving, Most Merciful.

وَلَا عَلَى الَّذِينَ إِذَا مَا أَتَوْكَ لِتَحْمِلَهُمْ قُلْتَ لَا أَجِدُ مَا أَحْمِلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ تَوَلَّوْا وَأَعْيُنُهُمْ تَفِيضُ مِنَ الدَّمْعِ حَزَنًا أَلَّا يَجِدُوا مَا يُنْفِقُونَ٩٢

9:92 Nor will they be blamed who came to you for transport, to whom you said : 'I cannot find any means of conveyance for you,' and they went away in tears, grieving that they lacked the means to spend (on carriage).

إِنَّمَا السَّبِيلُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يَسْتَأْذِنُونَكَ وَهُمْ أَغْنِيَاءُ ۚ رَضُوا بِأَنْ يَكُونُوا مَعَ الْخَوَالِفِ وَطَبَعَ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ فَهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ٩٣

9:93 The blame lies only on those who ask leave of you  even though they are well-off. They are pleased to be with those who stay back; Allah has set a seal on their hearts, so they cannot understand.

يَعْتَذِرُونَ إِلَيْكُمْ إِذَا رَجَعْتُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ ۚ قُلْ لَا تَعْتَذِرُوا لَنْ نُؤْمِنَ لَكُمْ قَدْ نَبَّأَنَا اللَّهُ مِنْ أَخْبَارِكُمْ ۚ وَسَيَرَى اللَّهُ عَمَلَكُمْ وَرَسُولُهُ ثُمَّ تُرَدُّونَ إِلَىٰ عَالِمِ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ فَيُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ٩٤

9:94 When you come back they will offer excuses to you. Tell them : 'Make no excuses; we do not believe you. Allah has informed us about you; and Allah and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) shall watch your conduct. Then you will be brought to Him who knows what is hidden and what is manifest. He will tell you of what you did.'

سَيَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ لَكُمْ إِذَا انْقَلَبْتُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ لِتُعْرِضُوا عَنْهُمْ ۖ فَأَعْرِضُوا عَنْهُمْ ۖ إِنَّهُمْ رِجْسٌ ۖ وَمَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ جَزَاءً بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ٩٥

9:95 When you return to them they will certainly swear to you by Allah (that they had a genuine excuse) so that you may leave them alone.  So let them be alone. Surely, they are unclean and their abode is Hell; a deserving retribution for what they have been doing.

يَحْلِفُونَ لَكُمْ لِتَرْضَوْا عَنْهُمْ ۖ فَإِنْ تَرْضَوْا عَنْهُمْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَرْضَىٰ عَنِ الْقَوْمِ الْفَاسِقِينَ٩٦

9:96 They will plead on oath that you accept them. Even if you accept them, remember Allah does not accept people who are disobedient.

الْأَعْرَابُ أَشَدُّ كُفْرًا وَنِفَاقًا وَأَجْدَرُ أَلَّا يَعْلَمُوا حُدُودَ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ٩٧

9:97 Nomadic Arabs are more rigid in disbelief and hypocrisy and more likely not to know the limits of what Allah has revealed to His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم).  Allah is All Knowing and All Wise.

وَمِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ مَنْ يَتَّخِذُ مَا يُنْفِقُ مَغْرَمًا وَيَتَرَبَّصُ بِكُمُ الدَّوَائِرَ ۚ عَلَيْهِمْ دَائِرَةُ السَّوْءِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ٩٨

9:98 Among the nomadic Arabs are those who consider spending in Allah's cause as penalty and wait for the cycle of misfortune  befall on you.  Upon them only is the evil cycle of misfortune; and Allah is All Hearing, All Knowing.

وَمِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ مَنْ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَيَتَّخِذُ مَا يُنْفِقُ قُرُبَاتٍ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَصَلَوَاتِ الرَّسُولِ ۚ أَلَا إِنَّهَا قُرْبَةٌ لَهُمْ ۚ سَيُدْخِلُهُمُ اللَّهُ فِي رَحْمَتِهِ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ٩٩

9:99 Yet some nomadic Arabs believe in Allah and the Last Day, and consider what they spend to be a means of bringing them nearer to Allah and the blessings of the Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم). This is certainly a means of achieving proximity (with Allah), and Allah will admit them to His mercy, for  is forgiving and kind.

وَالسَّابِقُونَ الْأَوَّلُونَ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ وَالَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُمْ بِإِحْسَانٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُوا عَنْهُ وَأَعَدَّ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي تَحْتَهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا أَبَدًا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ١٠٠

9:100 And the first forerunners (in believers) among the Muhajireen and the Ansar and those who followed them with good conduct, Allah is pleased with them and they are pleased with Him, and He has prepared for them gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide forever. That is indeed the great success.

وَمِمَّنْ حَوْلَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ مُنَافِقُونَ ۖ وَمِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ ۖ مَرَدُوا عَلَى النِّفَاقِ لَا تَعْلَمُهُمْ ۖ نَحْنُ نَعْلَمُهُمْ ۚ سَنُعَذِّبُهُمْ مَرَّتَيْنِ ثُمَّ يُرَدُّونَ إِلَىٰ عَذَابٍ عَظِيمٍ١٠١

9:101 There are hypocrites among the nomads around you and among the townspeople of Madinah, steeped in hypocrisy. You do not know them; We know them, and We will punish them twice, then they shall be consigned to a great punishment.

وَآخَرُونَ اعْتَرَفُوا بِذُنُوبِهِمْ خَلَطُوا عَمَلًا صَالِحًا وَآخَرَ سَيِّئًا عَسَى اللَّهُ أَنْ يَتُوبَ عَلَيْهِمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ١٠٢

9:102 There are Others who have admitted their sins: they have mixed a righteous deed with an evil one. It may be that Allah will return their repentance with forgiveness. Surely Allah is All Forgiving, Most Merciful.

خُذْ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ صَدَقَةً تُطَهِّرُهُمْ وَتُزَكِّيهِمْ بِهَا وَصَلِّ عَلَيْهِمْ ۖ إِنَّ صَلَاتَكَ سَكَنٌ لَهُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ١٠٣

9:103 Take alms (prescribed and voluntary) out of their wealth so that you (O Prophet ﷺ) may thereby cleanse them and cause them to grow in purity and sincerity, and pray for them. Indeed your prayer is a source of comfort for them. And Allah is All Hearing, All Knowing.

أَلَمْ يَعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ يَقْبَلُ التَّوْبَةَ عَنْ عِبَادِهِ وَيَأْخُذُ الصَّدَقَاتِ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ١٠٤

9:104 Do they not know that Allah accepts the repentance of His servants and receives what they offer in charity, and that He is All Forgiving, All Merciful.

وَقُلِ اعْمَلُوا فَسَيَرَى اللَّهُ عَمَلَكُمْ وَرَسُولُهُ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ ۖ وَسَتُرَدُّونَ إِلَىٰ عَالِمِ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ فَيُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ١٠٥

9:105 Tell them, 'do deeds, Allah will see your conduct, and so will His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) and the faithful; for you will, in the end, go back to Him who knows the unknown and the known, and who will tell you of what you were doing.'

وَآخَرُونَ مُرْجَوْنَ لِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ إِمَّا يُعَذِّبُهُمْ وَإِمَّا يَتُوبُ عَلَيْهِمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ١٠٦

9:106 And yet there are others about whom Allah's decree is awaited; whether He will punish them or guide them to repentance to forgive them. Allah is All Knowing, All Wise.

وَالَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُوا مَسْجِدًا ضِرَارًا وَكُفْرًا وَتَفْرِيقًا بَيْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَإِرْصَادًا لِمَنْ حَارَبَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ مِنْ قَبْلُ ۚ وَلَيَحْلِفُنَّ إِنْ أَرَدْنَا إِلَّا الْحُسْنَىٰ ۖ وَاللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ إِنَّهُمْ لَكَاذِبُونَ١٠٧

9:107 Some among the hypocrites who have built a mosque out of dissension and unbelief, in order to cause division among the believers, and use it as an outpost to collaborate with him,  who before made war on Allah and His Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) will certainly swear : 'We mean nothing but good (in building this mosque)', whereas Allah bears witness that they are definitely liars.

لَا تَقُمْ فِيهِ أَبَدًا ۚ لَمَسْجِدٌ أُسِّسَ عَلَى التَّقْوَىٰ مِنْ أَوَّلِ يَوْمٍ أَحَقُّ أَنْ تَقُومَ فِيهِ ۚ فِيهِ رِجَالٌ يُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يَتَطَهَّرُوا ۚ وَاللَّهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُطَّهِّرِينَ١٠٨

9:108 (O' Believers) Do not stand in that mosque for the Prayer. The mosque that was founded on piety and reverence of Allah from the very first days (Masjid-e-Nabawi) is worthy that you should stand in it for the Prayer. In it are men who love to be purified. Allah loves those who strive to purify themselves.

أَفَمَنْ أَسَّسَ بُنْيَانَهُ عَلَىٰ تَقْوَىٰ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضْوَانٍ خَيْرٌ أَمْ مَنْ أَسَّسَ بُنْيَانَهُ عَلَىٰ شَفَا جُرُفٍ هَارٍ فَانْهَارَ بِهِ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ ۗ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ١٠٩

9:109 Then, is one who laid the foundation of his building on righteousness (with fear) from Allah and (seeking) His approval better or one who laid the foundation of his building on the edge of a bank about to collapse, so it collapsed with him into the fire of Hell? And Allah does not guide the wrongdoing people.

لَا يَزَالُ بُنْيَانُهُمُ الَّذِي بَنَوْا رِيبَةً فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ إِلَّا أَنْ تَقَطَّعَ قُلُوبُهُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ١١٠

9:110 The building they have built will constantly keep disturbing their hearts until their hearts are torn to pieces; and Allah is All Knowing, All Wise.

The above verses are related to a mosque built by the Hypocrites. They named it 'Masjid of Dirar'. They were using this mosque as their operation base against the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم). When the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) was busy with the final preparation of the campaign of Tabuk, a group of hypocrites came to him and told that they had built a mosque where the elderly, ill and disabled could pray on rainy and cold nights and asked him to officially open the building for worship by leading the prayer there himself. Since the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) was busy, he said he will look into it after his return from Tabuk. During his return journey from Tabuk, the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) camped at Dhu Awan where these hypocrites came again and wanted to take him to their mosque to lead prayers. On this the above verses about this mosque and the intentions of the hypocrites were revealed. Subsequently, the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) ordered Sahabah to destroy that structure.

إِنَّ اللَّهَ اشْتَرَىٰ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ بِأَنَّ لَهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ ۚ يُقَاتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَيَقْتُلُونَ وَيُقْتَلُونَ ۖ وَعْدًا عَلَيْهِ حَقًّا فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ وَالْقُرْآنِ ۚ وَمَنْ أَوْفَىٰ بِعَهْدِهِ مِنَ اللَّهِ ۚ فَاسْتَبْشِرُوا بِبَيْعِكُمُ الَّذِي بَايَعْتُمْ بِهِ ۚ وَذَٰلِكَ هُوَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ١١١

9:111 Allah has bought from the believers themselves and their wealth because Paradise is for them. They fight in Allah's cause, and they kill or are killed. a promise due thereon in the Torah and in the Gospel and in the Quran. Who could be more faithful to his promise than Allah?   So (O believers) glad tidings to you because of the bargain you have made with Him! This indeed is the big success.

التَّائِبُونَ الْعَابِدُونَ الْحَامِدُونَ السَّائِحُونَ الرَّاكِعُونَ السَّاجِدُونَ الْآمِرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَالنَّاهُونَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَالْحَافِظُونَ لِحُدُودِ اللَّهِ ۗ وَبَشِّرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ١١٢

9:112 Those who repent, those who pray, those who praise, those who fast, those who bow, those who prostrate, those who show right and forbid wrong and those who keep the limits of Allah in sight; and give glad tidings to the believers.

مَا كَانَ لِلنَّبِيِّ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنْ يَسْتَغْفِرُوا لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ وَلَوْ كَانُوا أُولِي قُرْبَىٰ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ أَصْحَابُ الْجَحِيمِ١١٣

9:113 The Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) and the believers may not plead for the forgiveness of the polytheists, even if they were relatives, after it has become apparent to them that they will be the inmates of Hell.

وَمَا كَانَ اسْتِغْفَارُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ لِأَبِيهِ إِلَّا عَنْ مَوْعِدَةٍ وَعَدَهَا إِيَّاهُ فَلَمَّا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ أَنَّهُ عَدُوٌّ لِلَّهِ تَبَرَّأَ مِنْهُ ۚ إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ لَأَوَّاهٌ حَلِيمٌ١١٤

9:114 The prayer of Ibrahim (عليه السلام) for forgiveness of (the brother of) his father was only because of a promise he had made to him. But when it became clear to him that he was an enemy of Allah, he  dissociated himself from him. Ibrahim (عليه السلام) was soft at heart and (very much) kind.

وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيُضِلَّ قَوْمًا بَعْدَ إِذْ هَدَاهُمْ حَتَّىٰ يُبَيِّنَ لَهُمْ مَا يَتَّقُونَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ١١٥

9:115 Allah does not let people go astray after guiding them.  He makes clear to them what they should avoid (in order not to go astray). Indeed Allah knows all the things.  

إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۖ يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ ۚ وَمَا لَكُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلَا نَصِيرٍ١١٦

9:116 Indeed to Allah belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth. He alone is the giver of life and death; and none do you have besides Allah as guardian and helper. 

لَقَدْ تَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُ فِي سَاعَةِ الْعُسْرَةِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا كَادَ يَزِيغُ قُلُوبُ فَرِيقٍ مِنْهُمْ ثُمَّ تَابَ عَلَيْهِمْ ۚ إِنَّهُ بِهِمْ رَءُوفٌ رَحِيمٌ١١٧

9:117 Allah was kind to the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم), the emigrants, and the helpers  who followed him in the hour of distress. When a section of them were about to loose courage He turned towards them with Mercy, for He is compassionate and Most Merciful.

وَعَلَى الثَّلَاثَةِ الَّذِينَ خُلِّفُوا حَتَّىٰ إِذَا ضَاقَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الْأَرْضُ بِمَا رَحُبَتْ وَضَاقَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْفُسُهُمْ وَظَنُّوا أَنْ لَا مَلْجَأَ مِنَ اللَّهِ إِلَّا إِلَيْهِ ثُمَّ تَابَ عَلَيْهِمْ لِيَتُوبُوا ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ١١٨

9:118 And (He turned in mercy also) to the three left behind and whose cases had been deferred (because they had not taken part in the campaign of Tabuk), (they were so remorseful that) the earth was too narrow for them despite all its vastness, and their lives were confined, and they came to perceive fully that there is no refuge from Allah except in Him. Then He turned to them in Mercy that they might repent and recover their former state (in Islam). Surely Allah is the One Who truly returns repentance with liberal forgiveness and additional reward. Indeed Allah is  is the All Forgiving, Most Merciful.

The above verses refer to three Sahabah, Ka’b ibn Malik, Hilal ibn Umayya and Marara ibn ar-Rabi (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہم) who had missed Tabuk campaign without a justifiable excuse despite their favorable financial condition and good health. After the return of the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) from Tabuk, the three came to him but the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) told them to leave and wait until Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) reveals His judgment. The Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) prohibited other Sahabah from speaking or meeting with them and after a while the ban was extended to their wives. They were unable to go out into society and face people because of their shame. They were overtaken by remorse and did not eat or drink anything for days and begged Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) for forgiveness. Finally, after the boycott of 50 days, Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) accepted their repentance and forgave them.

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَكُونُوا مَعَ الصَّادِقِينَ١١٩

9:119 O believers, be fearful of Allah  and be with those who are truthful.

مَا كَانَ لِأَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهُمْ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ أَنْ يَتَخَلَّفُوا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ وَلَا يَرْغَبُوا بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ لَا يُصِيبُهُمْ ظَمَأٌ وَلَا نَصَبٌ وَلَا مَخْمَصَةٌ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَلَا يَطَئُونَ مَوْطِئًا يَغِيظُ الْكُفَّارَ وَلَا يَنَالُونَ مِنْ عَدُوٍّ نَيْلًا إِلَّا كُتِبَ لَهُمْ بِهِ عَمَلٌ صَالِحٌ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُضِيعُ أَجْرَ الْمُحْسِنِينَ١٢٠

9:120 It was not worthy of the people of Madina, and the Nomad Arabs of the desert around them, to abandon the Apostle of Allah (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم), and to care more for themselves than for him; for there is no hardship or thirst or hunger that they know in the service of Allah, and no place they walk on where walking provokes the unbelievers, and no harm they receive from the enemy, but is put down as a good deed for them. Certainly, Allah does not let the recompense of those who do good to go waste.

وَلَا يُنْفِقُونَ نَفَقَةً صَغِيرَةً وَلَا كَبِيرَةً وَلَا يَقْطَعُونَ وَادِيًا إِلَّا كُتِبَ لَهُمْ لِيَجْزِيَهُمُ اللَّهُ أَحْسَنَ مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ١٢١

9:121 Nor do they spend any amount for Allah's sake, small or big, nor do they cross a valley (while traveling in Allah's cause), but it is recorded for them so that Allah may repay them the best reward for what they used to do .

وَمَا كَانَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ لِيَنْفِرُوا كَافَّةً ۚ فَلَوْلَا نَفَرَ مِنْ كُلِّ فِرْقَةٍ مِنْهُمْ طَائِفَةٌ لِيَتَفَقَّهُوا فِي الدِّينِ وَلِيُنْذِرُوا قَوْمَهُمْ إِذَا رَجَعُوا إِلَيْهِمْ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَحْذَرُونَ١٢٢

9:122 Nor should the Believers all go forth together : if a contingent from every expedition remained behind, they could devote themselves to studies in religion, and admonish the people when they return to them, so that they (may learn) to guard themselves (against evil).

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ يَلُونَكُمْ مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ وَلْيَجِدُوا فِيكُمْ غِلْظَةً ۚ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الْمُتَّقِينَ١٢٣

9:123 O you who believe! Fight against those unbelievers who are in your vicinity (and are threat to you and Islam).  Let them find in you sternness. Know that Allah is with those who are pious and obedient.

وَإِذَا مَا أُنْزِلَتْ سُورَةٌ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ أَيُّكُمْ زَادَتْهُ هَٰذِهِ إِيمَانًا ۚ فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا فَزَادَتْهُمْ إِيمَانًا وَهُمْ يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ١٢٤

9:124 Whenever a Surah is sent down, there are some among them (the hypocrites) who say : 'Which of you has this strengthened in his faith?' As for those who believe, it does strengthen them in faith and they rejoice.

وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ فَزَادَتْهُمْ رِجْسًا إِلَىٰ رِجْسِهِمْ وَمَاتُوا وَهُمْ كَافِرُونَ١٢٥

9:125 But as for those in whose hearts there is a sickness, it increases them in foulness added to their foulness, and they die while they are unbelievers.

أَوَلَا يَرَوْنَ أَنَّهُمْ يُفْتَنُونَ فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ مَرَّةً أَوْ مَرَّتَيْنِ ثُمَّ لَا يَتُوبُونَ وَلَا هُمْ يَذَّكَّرُونَ١٢٦

9:126 Do they not observe that they are tested once or twice every year? Yet they do not repent, nor do they pay attention to any advice!

وَإِذَا مَا أُنْزِلَتْ سُورَةٌ نَظَرَ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَىٰ بَعْضٍ هَلْ يَرَاكُمْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفُوا ۚ صَرَفَ اللَّهُ قُلُوبَهُمْ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لَا يَفْقَهُونَ١٢٧

9:127 Whenever a Surah is sent down (and the Apostle  is reciting it in the presence of the Muslims), they glance at each other (conveying), 'Is there anyone who sees you?' And then they slip away. Allah has turned their hearts away (from the truth) because they are a people who do not understand.

لَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ عَزِيزٌ عَلَيْهِ مَا عَنِتُّمْ حَرِيصٌ عَلَيْكُمْ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ رَءُوفٌ رَحِيمٌ١٢٨

9:128 Indeed there has come to you an Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) from among you. Your hardship grieves him. (He is) most concerned for your well being. For believers he is  kind and merciful.

فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَقُلْ حَسْبِيَ اللَّهُ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ۖ عَلَيْهِ تَوَكَّلْتُ ۖ وَهُوَ رَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ١٢٩

9:129 So, if they turn away (from you O' Prophet ﷺ), tell them: 'Allah is sufficient for me. There is no God but He; I depend upon Him alone, the Lord of the glorious Throne.'

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