TAFSEER-E-ASEDI
By
Shaikh Mir Asedullah Quadri
سورة الممتحنة
She that is to be examined
Al-Mumtahana | Sura # 60 | 13 verses | Madinan
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
In the name of Allah, the Most Compassionate and Most Merciful
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا عَدُوِّي وَعَدُوَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ تُلْقُونَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِالْمَوَدَّةِ وَقَدْ كَفَرُوا بِمَا جَاءَكُمْ مِنَ الْحَقِّ يُخْرِجُونَ الرَّسُولَ وَإِيَّاكُمْ ۙ أَنْ تُؤْمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ رَبِّكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ خَرَجْتُمْ جِهَادًا فِي سَبِيلِي وَابْتِغَاءَ مَرْضَاتِي ۚ تُسِرُّونَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِالْمَوَدَّةِ وَأَنَا أَعْلَمُ بِمَا أَخْفَيْتُمْ وَمَا أَعْلَنْتُمْ ۚ وَمَنْ يَفْعَلْهُ مِنْكُمْ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ سَوَاءَ السَّبِيلِ١
60:1 O believers! Do not take My enemies and yours as trusted allies, showing them affection even though they deny what has come to you of the truth. They drove the Apostle (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) and yourselves out (of Makka), simply for your belief in Allah, your Lord. If you (truly) emigrated to struggle in My cause and seek My approval, (then do not take them as allies), disclosing secrets (of the believers) to the pagans out of affection for them, when I know best whatever you conceal and whatever you reveal. And whoever of you does this has truly strayed from the Right Way.
إِنْ يَثْقَفُوكُمْ يَكُونُوا لَكُمْ أَعْدَاءً وَيَبْسُطُوا إِلَيْكُمْ أَيْدِيَهُمْ وَأَلْسِنَتَهُمْ بِالسُّوءِ وَوَدُّوا لَوْ تَكْفُرُونَ٢
60:2 If they gain the upper hand over you, they would be your (open) enemies, unleashing their hands and tongues to harm you, and wishing that you would abandon faith.
لَنْ تَنْفَعَكُمْ أَرْحَامُكُمْ وَلَا أَوْلَادُكُمْ ۚ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَكُمْ ۚ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ٣
60:3 On the Day of Resurrection, neither your relatives nor your children will benefit you. He will judge between you (individually). Allah sees all of what you do.
قَدْ كَانَتْ لَكُمْ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ فِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَالَّذِينَ مَعَهُ إِذْ قَالُوا لِقَوْمِهِمْ إِنَّا بُرَآءُ مِنْكُمْ وَمِمَّا تَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ كَفَرْنَا بِكُمْ وَبَدَا بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمُ الْعَدَاوَةُ وَالْبَغْضَاءُ أَبَدًا حَتَّىٰ تُؤْمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَحْدَهُ إِلَّا قَوْلَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ لِأَبِيهِ لَأَسْتَغْفِرَنَّ لَكَ وَمَا أَمْلِكُ لَكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ ۖ رَبَّنَا عَلَيْكَ تَوَكَّلْنَا وَإِلَيْكَ أَنَبْنَا وَإِلَيْكَ الْمَصِيرُ٤
60:4 Indeed an excellent example has been set for you by Ibrahim (عليه السلام) and those with him. When they said to their people : 'Surely, we are free from you and whatever you worship besides Allah. We reject you. Hostility and hatred shall appear between us and between you forever until you believe in Allah alone.' Except the saying of Ibrahim (عليه السلام) to (the brother of) his father : 'Surely, I will ask for forgiveness (from Allah) for you, but I have no power to get anything for you from Allah.' (They prayed) : 'Our Lord! In You (alone) we put our trust, to You (alone) we turn in repentance, and to You (alone) is our final return.
It is reported that Hadhrat Ibrahim (عليه السلام) grew up under the guardianship of his uncle Azar (father's brother), because his father, Tareq died when he was very young.
It is in Hadith Anas Ibn Malik (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ) narrates that one day Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) stood on the pulpit and informed (sahabah) the names of his ancestors:
The Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) said : Ana, Mohammad Ibn Abdullah, bin Abdul Muttalib, bin Hashim, bin Abd Manaf, bin Qusa'i, bin Kilab, bin Murra, bin Ka'b, bin Lu'ayy, bin Ghalib, bin Fihr, bin Malik, bin an-Nadr, bin Kinanah, bin Khuzaimah, bin Mudrikah, bin Elias, bin Mudar, bin Nizar, bin Ma'ad, bin Adnan, bin Udad, bin Asha'b, bin Saleh, bin Salooq, bin Hameesa, bin Nabad, bin Khizaar, bin Ismail (عليه السلام), bin Ibrahim (عليه السلام), bin Tariq.
(Baihaqi, Hakim, Ahmed, Ibn Kathir in Bidaya wan Nihaya and Ibn Asakir also narrated this Hadith).
It is clear from the above Hadith that the father of Ibrahim (عليه السلام) was Tariq, a Momin; while his uncle Azar was an Idol worshiper
Ibn Jarir al-Tabari in his Tafsir and History book has mentioned that - Azar was not the father of Ibrahim (عليه السلام). ( History of Tabari, Vol. 1, Page 119. and Tafsir-e-Tabari by Ibn Jarir al-Tabari, Vol. 7, page 158).
Ibn Kathir has written in al-Bidaya wan Nihaya - Ibrahim (عليه السلام) was the son of Tariq. When Tareq was 75 years old, Ibrahim (عليه السلام) was born to him. (al-Bidaya wan Nihaya, vol 1, page 139)
Hadhrat Mohammad Abdul Qadeer Siddiqui (رحمتہ اللہ علیہ) has written in his Tafseer-e-Siddiqui that Azar was the brother of the father of Ibrahim (عليه السلام). (Tafseer-e-Siddiqui)
رَبَّنَا لَا تَجْعَلْنَا فِتْنَةً لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَاغْفِرْ لَنَا رَبَّنَا ۖ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ٥
60:5 Our Lord! Do not subject us to the persecution of the disbelievers. Forgive us, our Lord! You (alone) are truly the Almighty, All Wise.'
لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِيهِمْ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ لِمَنْ كَانَ يَرْجُو اللَّهَ وَالْيَوْمَ الْآخِرَ ۚ وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْغَنِيُّ الْحَمِيدُ٦
60:6 In them, (Ibrahim عليه السلام and those with him), there is certainly an excellent example to follow for anyone looking forward to (the meeting with) Allah on the Last Day. And should anyone turn away, Allah is certainly Free of all want and Worthy of all praise.
عَسَى اللَّهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَ الَّذِينَ عَادَيْتُمْ مِنْهُمْ مَوَدَّةً ۚ وَاللَّهُ قَدِيرٌ ۚ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ٧
60:7 (In time), Allah may bring about goodwill between you and those of them you (now) hold as enemies. For Allah is Most Powerful. And Allah is Most Forgiving, Most Merciful.
لَا يَنْهَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوكُمْ مِنْ دِيَارِكُمْ أَنْ تَبَرُّوهُمْ وَتُقْسِطُوا إِلَيْهِمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ٨
60:8 Allah does not forbid you from dealing kindly and equitably with those who did not fight you because of your faith and did not drive you out of your homes. Allah loves those who are equitable.
إِنَّمَا يَنْهَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ قَاتَلُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَأَخْرَجُوكُمْ مِنْ دِيَارِكُمْ وَظَاهَرُوا عَلَىٰ إِخْرَاجِكُمْ أَنْ تَوَلَّوْهُمْ ۚ وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّهُمْ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ٩
60:9 Allah only forbids you to make friendship with those who fought you on account of your faith and drove you out of your homes and backed up others in your expulsion. Those who will take them for friends are indeed the wrongdoers.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا جَاءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ مُهَاجِرَاتٍ فَامْتَحِنُوهُنَّ ۖ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَانِهِنَّ ۖ فَإِنْ عَلِمْتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤْمِنَاتٍ فَلَا تَرْجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ ۖ لَا هُنَّ حِلٌّ لَهُمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّ ۖ وَآتُوهُمْ مَا أَنْفَقُوا ۚ وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ تَنْكِحُوهُنَّ إِذَا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ ۚ وَلَا تُمْسِكُوا بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ وَاسْأَلُوا مَا أَنْفَقْتُمْ وَلْيَسْأَلُوا مَا أَنْفَقُوا ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ حُكْمُ اللَّهِ ۖ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَكُمْ ۚ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ١٠
60:10 O' believers! When the believing women seek refuge with you, test them. Allah best knows their faith. If you find them true believers, do not send them back to the unbelievers. They are not lawful to the unbelievers, nor are the unbelievers lawful to them. Return to their unbelieving husbands what they have spent on them. There is no blame on you if you marry such women, provided you give them their dowers. Do not hold on to your marriages with unbelieving women. Demand what you have spent on them and let the unbelievers do the same. This is the commandment of Allah which He has decreed between you. Allah is All Knowing, All Wise.
وَإِنْ فَاتَكُمْ شَيْءٌ مِنْ أَزْوَاجِكُمْ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ فَعَاقَبْتُمْ فَآتُوا الَّذِينَ ذَهَبَتْ أَزْوَاجُهُمْ مِثْلَ مَا أَنْفَقُوا ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي أَنْتُمْ بِهِ مُؤْمِنُونَ١١
60:11 (Even) if any of your wives leaves you for the disbeliever (without returning the nuptial dowry) still in your turn, pay the disbelievers whose wives leave them for you (an amount) equal to what they had spent. (Always) fear Allah, in Whom you (profess to) believe!
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ يُبَايِعْنَكَ عَلَىٰ أَنْ لَا يُشْرِكْنَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا وَلَا يَسْرِقْنَ وَلَا يَزْنِينَ وَلَا يَقْتُلْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ وَلَا يَأْتِينَ بِبُهْتَانٍ يَفْتَرِينَهُ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِنَّ وَأَرْجُلِهِنَّ وَلَا يَعْصِينَكَ فِي مَعْرُوفٍ ۙ فَبَايِعْهُنَّ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُنَّ اللَّهَ ۖ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ١٢
60:12 O' Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم), when believing women come to you and swear on oath that they will not associate anything with Allah, nor steal, nor fornicate, nor kill their children, nor accuse others for what they have fabricated themselves, nor disobey you in any rightful thing, then you should accept their allegiance, and ask forgiveness of Allah for them. Certainly Allah is Most Forgiving and Most Merciful.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَوَلَّوْا قَوْمًا غَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ قَدْ يَئِسُوا مِنَ الْآخِرَةِ كَمَا يَئِسَ الْكُفَّارُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْقُبُورِ١٣
60:13 O believers! Do not befriend those who have incurred the wrath of Allah. They already have no hope for the Hereafter, just like the disbelievers lying in (their) graves.
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