TAFSEER-E-ASEDI
By
Shaikh Mir Asedullah Quadri
سورة الرحمن
The Beneficent
Ar-Rahmaan | Sura # 55 | 78 verses | Madinan
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
In the name of Allah, the Most Compassionate and Most Merciful
الرَّحْمَٰنُ١
55:1 The Most Compassionate (Allah),
عَلَّمَ الْقُرْآنَ٢
55:2 taught the Quran.
خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ٣
55:3 Created human being,
عَلَّمَهُ الْبَيَانَ٤
55:4 (and) taught him speech.
الشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ بِحُسْبَانٍ٥
55:5 The sun and the moon (travel) with precision.
وَالنَّجْمُ وَالشَّجَرُ يَسْجُدَانِ٦
55:6 The stars and the trees both prostrate (to Him).
وَالسَّمَاءَ رَفَعَهَا وَوَضَعَ الْمِيزَانَ٧
55:7 He raised the sky far above, and established balance,
أَلَّا تَطْغَوْا فِي الْمِيزَانِ٨
55:8 so that you would not transgress the balance.
وَأَقِيمُوا الْوَزْنَ بِالْقِسْطِ وَلَا تُخْسِرُوا الْمِيزَانَ٩
55:9 Weigh with justice, and do not give short in measure.
وَالْأَرْضَ وَضَعَهَا لِلْأَنَامِ١٠
55:10 He laid out earth for all living creatures,
فِيهَا فَاكِهَةٌ وَالنَّخْلُ ذَاتُ الْأَكْمَامِ١١
55:11 therein are fruits, date-palms with sheathed fruit-stalks,
وَالْحَبُّ ذُو الْعَصْفِ وَالرَّيْحَانُ١٢
55:12 and grain with husks, and aromatic plants.
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ١٣
55:13 Then you (O' Jinns and humans) which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?
خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ صَلْصَالٍ كَالْفَخَّارِ١٤
55:14 He created human beings from sounding clay like the clay of pottery,
وَخَلَقَ الْجَانَّ مِنْ مَارِجٍ مِنْ نَارٍ١٥
55:15 and He created the jinns from smokeless flame of fire.
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ١٦
55:16 Then you (O' Jinns and humans) which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?
رَبُّ الْمَشْرِقَيْنِ وَرَبُّ الْمَغْرِبَيْنِ١٧
55:17 (He is) the Lord of the 2 Easts (places of sunrise during summer and winter) and the Lord of the 2 Wests (places of sunset during summer and winter).
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ١٨
55:18 Then you (O' Jinns and humans) which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?
مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ يَلْتَقِيَانِ١٩
55:19 He has made the two oceans apparently meeting together,
بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخٌ لَا يَبْغِيَانِ٢٠
55:20 yet between them is a barrier which they cannot cross.
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ٢١
55:21 Then you (O' Jinns and humans) which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?
يَخْرُجُ مِنْهُمَا اللُّؤْلُؤُ وَالْمَرْجَانُ٢٢
55:22 Out of both (waters) come forth pearls and coral.
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ٢٣
55:23 Then you (O' Jinns and humans) which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?
وَلَهُ الْجَوَارِ الْمُنْشَآتُ فِي الْبَحْرِ كَالْأَعْلَامِ٢٤
55:24 To Him only belong the sailing ships, raised above the sea like hills.
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ٢٥
55:25 Then you (O' Jinns and humans) which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?
كُلُّ مَنْ عَلَيْهَا فَانٍ٢٦
55:26 All that there is in the Cosmos shall vanish.
وَيَبْقَىٰ وَجْهُ رَبِّكَ ذُو الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ٢٧
55:27 The Countenance (stand alone) of your Lord (by Himself) shall endure, the Lord of Majesty and Glory.
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ٢٨
55:28 Then you (O' Jinns and humans) which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?
يَسْأَلُهُ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۚ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ هُوَ فِي شَأْنٍ٢٩
55:29 Everyone in the heavens and on earth turn to Him for their needs. Every day He manifests Himself in yet another way.
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ٣٠
55:30 Then you (O' Jinns and humans) which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?
سَنَفْرُغُ لَكُمْ أَيُّهَ الثَّقَلَانِ٣١
55:31 We will soon attend to you (for judgment), O' two multitudes (of jinn and humans)!
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ٣٢
55:32 Then you (O' Jinns and humans) which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?
يَا مَعْشَرَ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنْسِ إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتُمْ أَنْ تَنْفُذُوا مِنْ أَقْطَارِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ فَانْفُذُوا ۚ لَا تَنْفُذُونَ إِلَّا بِسُلْطَانٍ٣٣
55:33 O' Assembly of jinns and mankind, if you have the power to pass beyond the zones of the heavens and the earth, then pass them. But you will never be able to pass them, except with authority (from Allah).
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ٣٤
55:34 Then you (O' Jinns and humans) which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?
يُرْسَلُ عَلَيْكُمَا شُوَاظٌ مِنْ نَارٍ وَنُحَاسٌ فَلَا تَنْتَصِرَانِ٣٥
55:35 The smokeless flames of fire and molten brass will be sent against you both (jinns and mankind), and you will not be able to defend yourselves.
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ٣٦
55:36 Then you (O' Jinns and humans) which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?
فَإِذَا انْشَقَّتِ السَّمَاءُ فَكَانَتْ وَرْدَةً كَالدِّهَانِ٣٧
55:37 (How horrible will it be) when the skies will split apart, becoming rose-red like (burnt) oil!
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ٣٨
55:38 Then you (O' Jinns and humans) which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?
فَيَوْمَئِذٍ لَا يُسْأَلُ عَنْ ذَنْبِهِ إِنْسٌ وَلَا جَانٌّ٣٩
55:39 On that Day there will be no need for any human or jinn to be asked about their sins.
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ٤٠
55:40 Then you (O' Jinns and humans) which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?
يُعْرَفُ الْمُجْرِمُونَ بِسِيمَاهُمْ فَيُؤْخَذُ بِالنَّوَاصِي وَالْأَقْدَامِ٤١
55:41 The sinners will be recognized by their marks (black faces) and they will be seized by their forelocks and their feet.
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ٤٢
55:42 Then you (O' Jinns and humans) which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?
هَٰذِهِ جَهَنَّمُ الَّتِي يُكَذِّبُ بِهَا الْمُجْرِمُونَ٤٣
55:43 (It will be said to them) : 'This is Hell which the sinners had denied it.'
يَطُوفُونَ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ حَمِيمٍ آنٍ٤٤
55:44 To and fro, they would be rotated between Fire and the (fiercely) hot water.
In the above verse there is mention of Hell, its discomforts and punishment. After describing this, in the next verse, Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) says, فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ "[Then you (O' Jinns and humans), which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?]. Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) is explaining that the comforts given to the deniers in this world, in spite of their denial. And they should be thankful to Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) for these comforts and freedom of action and save themselves from the punishment Hellfire.
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ٤٥
55:45 Then you (O' Jinns and humans) which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?
وَلِمَنْ خَافَ مَقَامَ رَبِّهِ جَنَّتَانِ٤٦
55:46 But for those who fear their standing before the Lord, there will be two gardens (in Paradise).
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ٤٧
55:47 Then you (O' Jinns and humans) which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?
ذَوَاتَا أَفْنَانٍ٤٨
55:48 (Both the gardens will be) with lush branches.
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ٤٩
55:49 Then you (O' Jinns and humans) which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?
فِيهِمَا عَيْنَانِ تَجْرِيَانِ٥٠
55:50 In each (Garden) will be two flowing springs.
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ٥١
55:51 Then you (O' Jinns and humans) which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?
فِيهِمَا مِنْ كُلِّ فَاكِهَةٍ زَوْجَانِ٥٢
55:52 In both of them there will be every kind of fruit in pairs.
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ٥٣
55:53 Then you (O' Jinns and humans) which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?
مُتَّكِئِينَ عَلَىٰ فُرُشٍ بَطَائِنُهَا مِنْ إِسْتَبْرَقٍ ۚ وَجَنَى الْجَنَّتَيْنِ دَانٍ٥٤
55:54 (The righteous) would recline on (exotic) carpets lined with lush brocade. (Loaded with plentiful fruit), the branches of fruit trees would hang low, within easy reach.
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ٥٥
55:55 Then you (O' Jinns and humans) which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?
فِيهِنَّ قَاصِرَاتُ الطَّرْفِ لَمْ يَطْمِثْهُنَّ إِنْسٌ قَبْلَهُمْ وَلَا جَانٌّ٥٦
55:56 Therein will be chaste virgins restraining their glances (upon their husbands only) whom no human or jinn has touched before.
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ٥٧
55:57 Then you (O' Jinns and humans) which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?
كَأَنَّهُنَّ الْيَاقُوتُ وَالْمَرْجَانُ٥٨
55:58 (In beauty) they (these virgins) are like rubies and coral.
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ٥٩
55:59 Then you (O' Jinns and humans) which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?
هَلْ جَزَاءُ الْإِحْسَانِ إِلَّا الْإِحْسَانُ٦٠
55:60 Could the reward for goodness be anything other than goodness?
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ٦١
55:61 Then you (O' Jinns and humans) which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?
وَمِنْ دُونِهِمَا جَنَّتَانِ٦٢
55:62 Besides these two, there shall be two other gardens (in Paradise).
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ٦٣
55:63 Then you (O' Jinns and humans) which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?
مُدْهَامَّتَانِ٦٤
55:64 Both (these gardens) will be dark green.
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ٦٥
55:65 Then you (O' Jinns and humans) which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?
فِيهِمَا عَيْنَانِ نَضَّاخَتَانِ٦٦
55:66 In both of them there will be two springs gushing out water.
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ٦٧
55:67 Then you (O' Jinns and humans) which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?
فِيهِمَا فَاكِهَةٌ وَنَخْلٌ وَرُمَّانٌ٦٨
55:68 In both of them are fruits, date-palms and pomegranates.
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ٦٩
55:69 Then you (O' Jinns and humans) which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?
فِيهِنَّ خَيْرَاتٌ حِسَانٌ٧٠
55:70 There, they shall have beautiful virtuous (wives).
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ٧١
55:71 Then you (O' Jinns and humans) which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?
حُورٌ مَقْصُورَاتٌ فِي الْخِيَامِ٧٢
55:72 (There are) Fair companions (Houris) restricting (their glances), in (beautiful and decorated) homes.
Like the people who are not educated and work in the fields in remote areas of the land cannot understand complex financial system of a multinational company or workings of a modern day stock exchange, similarly, we cannot understand the complex nature of afterlife or the comforts of Paradise while we live in this world and try to understand things with our limited knowledge and understanding. This world is like a remote village in comparison to the life of the Paradise, therefore,, to explain the life of the Paradise to the people of this world, Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) explains that they will be provided with all kinds of luxuries no eyes have seen and no ears have listened, provided they live as per His commandments. Thus, the presence of houris and servant boys and other comforts of Paradise cannot be understood when we try to understand them from the limited knowledge and parameters of worldly understanding.
The majority of the people are involved in sinful acts because of (i) their desire for food and luxurious living, and (ii) getting involved in sexual activities outside the purview of lawful marriage allowed by the Almighty. The description of Houris is mentioned by Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) saying O'people, do not get involved in sinfulness on account of these because these will be provided to you in the Paradise as a routine, in multitudes, without you asking for them, as reward for your good deeds.
What is reward? The reward is a thing which is given to add to your living conditions. Not only to make your living comfortable, but also to enhance it further. So if a man keeps himself chaste in this world, he will be rewarded with multiple wives in Paradise and with enhanced strength to enjoy the comforts there.
The question is when men will be provided with all comforts as women do, then why not women provided with male houris?
This question is absurd because those who ask this kind of questions are unaware of the nature of female and male human beings. The nature of women is different from men. They both get comforts in different environment in different comfort zones. In all species, males have been created to be more active sexually in order to ensure the continuation of that species in the world. So is the case the humans. You cannot question why the nature of men and women is different? Allah has created His creatures in consideration of their facts and natures. He knows what kind of nature is good for whom. If you feed a tiger with grass, it will die. If you fee a goat with meat, it will die. Similarly, it is not in women's nature to have multiple male partners. They are content with one. If you provide them more, they will be subjected to hardship and agony, in addition to psychological strain. Therefore, Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) will not subject them to hardship in a place of comfort like Paradise?
As per Okami and Shackelford basic arguments (i) Women invest more in parenthood than men which results in their unwillingness in having more than one partner in life. (ii) As a result of the gender difference in investing in parenthood, women are more cautious in selecting their spouses. It is also because it is easier for them to find a ready and willing spouse. (iii) From time immemorial, men have battled and competed for women more than women for men. This is the reason that more or less all communities of human beings have allowed polygamy in the known history of mankind.
Numerous studies have established that the orientations of men and women are real and functional. Gender equality has to be understood in this perspective.
An American study conducted by Clark and Hatfield established the differences in men and women in terms of sexual initiative. The study was conducted by assigning male students the task of asking passers-by, who were female students similar to them on a scale of attractiveness, whether they would come with a male student to his apartment for intimacy. None of the women agreed to the proposition. But when women were assigned the same task and presented the question to male passers-by, three in four men were ready to go to have the intimacy with the woman. Even the rest were regretful and explained their refusal by saying that they were in a committed, monogamous relationship. But, none of the women expressed regret, or justified the rejection of the offer of intimacy.
Another study conducted by Buss and Schmidt presented similar findings. Men showed greater interest than women in a diversity of sexual partners. Compared with women, men expressed a wish for three times the number of lifetime partners.
Professor Osmo Kontula of Finland conducted another research titled 'Between Sexual desire and reality'. He wrote, the differences in degree of sexual desire between men and women derives from the fact that the survey question inquiring about desire was not asked at the time of the month when women feel most desirous. The intensity of women’s sexual desire fluctuates during their menstrual cycle much more than men’s. Men value the mate’s youth and physical appearance, while women value man’s social status, the resources he controls, and his willingness to share with them.
In the United States, statistics show that the men that women have chosen as spouse/partners earn on average 50 percent more than the men who were not chosen. In many countries, a husband who is not financially generous enough toward his wife has constituted grounds for divorce. There is no country in which it is grounds for divorce that a woman does not support her husband economically to a sufficient degree.
In choosing a mate, women exchange their attractiveness to man's resources. Waynforth reported a study in which women, who married men who were older and better educated than them had more children, were more satisfied with their marriages and were less likely to divorce their husbands than other women. As the women were trading in their attractiveness for the men’s resources, the attractiveness of the man himself was less important than the attractiveness of the woman for the man. According to another study, women select less attractive men because of the risk of being abandoned by a more handsome man.
The other question is, will the women be comfortable with their husbands having more wives in the Paradise as, in this world, they do not like it?
In Paradise the human feelings of jealousy, hate, rage and everything will be removed from them. They will be provided with everything they desire which is as per their nature. The women will be provided with comforts they like which are as per their nature, and men will be provided with comforts they like, which are as per their nature. They all will live in harmony within themselves and outside.
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ٧٣
55:73 Then you (O' Jinns and humans) which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?
لَمْ يَطْمِثْهُنَّ إِنْسٌ قَبْلَهُمْ وَلَا جَانٌّ٧٤
55:74 Whom neither man nor Jinn has ever touched before.
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ٧٥
55:75 Then you (O' Jinns and humans) which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?
مُتَّكِئِينَ عَلَىٰ رَفْرَفٍ خُضْرٍ وَعَبْقَرِيٍّ حِسَانٍ٧٦
55:76 All (believers) will be reclining on green cushions and splendid carpets.
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ٧٧
55:77 Then you (O' Jinns and humans) which of your Lord’s favors will you deny?
تَبَارَكَ اسْمُ رَبِّكَ ذِي الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ٧٨
55:78 Blessed and Supreme is the Name of your Lord, the Majestic and the Munificent!
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