TAFSEER-E-ASEDI
By
Shaikh Mir Asedullah Quadri
سورة النجم
The Star
An-Najm | Sura # 53 | 62 verses | Makkan
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
In the name of Allah, the Most Compassionate and Most Merciful
وَالنَّجْمِ إِذَا هَوَىٰ١
53:1 By the star when it sets,
Whenever Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) says 'By something', it means to emphasize the importance of that matter.
مَا ضَلَّ صَاحِبُكُمْ وَمَا غَوَىٰ٢
53:2 Your companion (Apostle Muhammad ﷺ) neither erred intentionally nor unintentionally,
وَمَا يَنْطِقُ عَنِ الْهَوَىٰ٣
53:3 And he does not speak of (his own) desire.
إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا وَحْيٌ يُوحَىٰ٤
53:4 It is the revelation revealed (to him).
عَلَّمَهُ شَدِيدُ الْقُوَىٰ٥
53:5 The Mighty in power (Allah) has taught him (Prophet Mohammad – صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) the knowledge.
ذُو مِرَّةٍ فَاسْتَوَىٰ٦
53:6 So (equipped), he stood well poised.
وَهُوَ بِالْأُفُقِ الْأَعْلَىٰ٧
53:7 (With the perfect vision attained) at the highest horizon.
ثُمَّ دَنَا فَتَدَلَّىٰ٨
53:8 Then he (the Prophet ﷺ) approached closer and hung (by Allah).
فَكَانَ قَابَ قَوْسَيْنِ أَوْ أَدْنَىٰ٩
53:9 Then (both) closed up like two bows, and indeed more closely.
فَأَوْحَىٰ إِلَىٰ عَبْدِهِ مَا أَوْحَىٰ١٠
53:10 And He revealed to His servant (Prophet Mohammad ﷺ) what He wanted to reveal.
مَا كَذَبَ الْفُؤَادُ مَا رَأَىٰ١١
53:11 The heart of Prophet Mohammad (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) did not distrust what he saw.
أَفَتُمَارُونَهُ عَلَىٰ مَا يَرَىٰ١٢
53:12 Will you people wrangle over what he beheld (saw).
وَلَقَدْ رَآهُ نَزْلَةً أُخْرَىٰ١٣
53:13 For indeed he beheld Him (Allah) yet again.
عِنْدَ سِدْرَةِ الْمُنْتَهَىٰ١٤
53:14 Near the 'Lote' tree lying farthest beyond which no one can go.
عِنْدَهَا جَنَّةُ الْمَأْوَىٰ١٥
53:15 Lying close to the Heaven of Rest.
إِذْ يَغْشَى السِّدْرَةَ مَا يَغْشَىٰ١٦
53:16 When the 'Lote' tree was being enveloped by what it was to be enveloped with, (a mystery not disclosed).
مَا زَاغَ الْبَصَرُ وَمَا طَغَىٰ١٧
53:17 His (Prophet Mohammad's ﷺ) sight did not blink or did it miss anything.
لَقَدْ رَأَىٰ مِنْ آيَاتِ رَبِّهِ الْكُبْرَىٰ١٨
53:18 Indeed he (the Prophet ﷺ) saw clearly the greatest of the signs of his Lord
The above verses 1-18 are related to the night of ascension (M'eraj) of Prophet Mohammad (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم).
There are differences of opinions among scholars whether Prophet Mohammad (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) saw Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) during Me'raj.
Verse # 12 above - مَا كَذَبَ ٱلۡفُؤَادُ مَا رَأَىٰٓ [ Will you people wrangle over what he beheld (saw)], indicates that there were some differences of opinion even among Sahabah as to what was witnessed by Prophet Mohammad (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) on the night of ascension? Some thought it was Jibril (عليه السلام).
However, the statement of Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) in verse 10 above - فَأَوۡحَىٰٓ إِلَىٰ عَبۡدِهِۦ مَآ أَوۡحَىٰ [ He revealed to His Servant], clearly shows that the conversation is between Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) and Prophet Mohammad (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم); meaning Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) appeared to Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) in order to grant him revelation. The text does not say that Jibril (عليه السلام) appeared to Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم). If we take Jibril (عليه السلام), in place of Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) in the above verse, it will mean that Prophet Mohammad (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) is the Servant of Jibril (عليه السلام) (Nauzubillahi), which is not correct.
It is in Hadith - Ibn Abbas (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ) reported that Prophet Mohammad (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) saw Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) on the 'Night of Ascension ( Sahih Muslim)
We have discuss briefly the differences of opinions of Sahaba and Imams in this regard.
It is in Hadith - Narrated by Masruq (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ) - I said to Ummul Momineen Aisha (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہا), "O' Mother! Did Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) see his Lord?" Aisha (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہا) said, "What you have said makes my hair stand on end! Know that if somebody tells you one of the following, he is a liar.
Whoever tells you that Mohammad (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) saw his Lord, is a liar. Then Ummul Momineen Aisha (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہا) recited this verse - لَّا تُدۡرِڪُهُ ٱلۡأَبۡصَـٰرُ وَهُوَ يُدۡرِكُ ٱلۡأَبۡصَـٰرَۖ [ Peoples' eyes (be it physical eyes or heart eyes) cannot see Him. He sees their eyes (them).] (Al-An'aam - 103). ; and this verse - "وَمَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَن يُكَلِّمَهُ ٱللَّهُ إِلَّا وَحۡيًا أَوۡ مِن وَرَآىِٕ حِجَابٍ [It is not fitting for a human being that Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) should speak to him except by inspiration, or from behind a veil.] (Ash-Shura - 51). (Part of the Hadith) (Bukhari, Muslim)
Read carefully the above Hadith. Ummul Momineen Aisha (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہا) is not narrating a Hadith, rather she is clarifying the meanings of the verses of Quran and the reasons for her observations on a narration (Hadith). What Ummul Momineen Aisha (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہا) is referring is Allah's (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) Absolute Existence which cannot be seen by anyone and therefore she is quoting the verses of Quran that negate sighting of Allah's (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) absolute existence. Nothing can encompass Zaat-e-Elahi.
Look at the following Ahadith that confirm sighting of Allah's manifestations in (i) Tajalli-e-Zaati (Light of His Knowledge), and (ii) Tajalli-e- Sifaati (His attributes Refulgence)
It is in Hadith - Ibn Abbas (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ) narrated that Prophet Mohammad (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) said - I saw my Lord, the Exalted and Glorious in the most beautiful form. Akrama (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ) said, on this I submitted, does not Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) say that “Peoples’ eyes cannot perceive Him. He perceives their eyes.”, then Ibn Abbas (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ) said, Hey ’ this is true when Allah’s (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) refulgence (Tajalli) is from the divine light which is the 'Light of His Unity' (Tajalli-e-Zaati). Prophet Mohammad (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) has seen his Sustainer (Rab) twice”. (Tirmidhi).
It is in Hadith It is narrated on the authority of Abu Dharr (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ) - I asked the Apostle of Allah ( صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) - Did you see your Lord? He (the Prophet - صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) said "He is light نُور, I saw Him.] (Muslim, Book # 1, Hadith # 341).
What is light of Unity? It is His knowledge. It is important to note that Allah's light ( نُور ) is within his Zaat. It is not that Zaat-e-Elahi is within His light ( نُور ). We cannot confine Zaat-e-Elahi into His own light, ( نُور ) or into a form, shape, or body; exclusively, divine or creature like. If you do that, it will be shirk.
It is in Quran - ٱللَّهُ نُورُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ [Allah is the light (existence) of the Heavens and Earth’.] (An-Noor -35).
It is in Quran – Indeed he (Prophet Mohammad ﷺ) saw clearly the greatest of the Signs (manifestations) of his Lord (during Me'araj)’. (An-Najm – 18).
Bayhaqi narrated a Hadith with a sound chain - Prophet Mohammad (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) said 'I saw my Lord ( in al-Asma' wa al-Sifat) in the form of a curly-haired, beardless young man wearing a green robe'.
Thus, Sahaba and Imams rightly said that Zaat-e-Elahi (the absolute existence of Allah) cannot be encompassed by human beings from the physical or spiritual eyes. However Sighting of Allah's (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) Tajalli-e-Zaati is ( نُور ) formless light. And sighting of Allah's (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) Tajalli-e-Asma wo Sifaat can be witnessed in the shape of His creatures. Prophet Mohammad (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) witnessed Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) in both; Tajalli-e-Zaati ( نُور ), and Tajalli-e-Asma was Sifaat - in the shape of His creatures.
أَفَرَأَيْتُمُ اللَّاتَ وَالْعُزَّىٰ١٩
53:19 Have you, (O' Idolaters), considered (the reality of) 'Laat' and 'Uzza (the false goddesses of Makkan pagans)?
وَمَنَاةَ الثَّالِثَةَ الْأُخْرَىٰ٢٠
53:20 And the third, the 'Manaat' (the other false goddess)?
أَلَكُمُ الذَّكَرُ وَلَهُ الْأُنْثَىٰ٢١
53:21 Are you (O' Makkan pagans) to have sons, and He (Allah) the daughters?
تِلْكَ إِذًا قِسْمَةٌ ضِيزَىٰ٢٢
53:22 This is, of course, an unfair allocation!
إِنْ هِيَ إِلَّا أَسْمَاءٌ سَمَّيْتُمُوهَا أَنْتُمْ وَآبَاؤُكُمْ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ بِهَا مِنْ سُلْطَانٍ ۚ إِنْ يَتَّبِعُونَ إِلَّا الظَّنَّ وَمَا تَهْوَى الْأَنْفُسُ ۖ وَلَقَدْ جَاءَهُمْ مِنْ رَبِّهِمُ الْهُدَىٰ٢٣
53:23 These (idols) are mere names that you and your forefathers have made up, a practice Allah has never authorized. They follow nothing but (inherited) assumptions and self desires, although (true) guidance has already come to them from their Lord.
أَمْ لِلْإِنْسَانِ مَا تَمَنَّىٰ٢٤
53:24 Or should every person (simply) have whatever (intercessors / personal idols) he desires?
فَلِلَّهِ الْآخِرَةُ وَالْأُولَىٰ٢٥
53:25 Nay! To Allah belongs the Hereafter and this present life.
وَكَمْ مِنْ مَلَكٍ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ لَا تُغْنِي شَفَاعَتُهُمْ شَيْئًا إِلَّا مِنْ بَعْدِ أَنْ يَأْذَنَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَرْضَىٰ٢٦
53:26 How many are the angels in the heavens; yet their intercession can avail none unless Allah gives them permission in favor of whom He wants and is pleased with.
The above verse describes that on the day of Resurrection, the intercession will be done not only by prophets, Awliya Allah, but also by angels.
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ لَيُسَمُّونَ الْمَلَائِكَةَ تَسْمِيَةَ الْأُنْثَىٰ٢٧
53:27 Those who do not believe in the Hereafter give the angels names of females,
وَمَا لَهُمْ بِهِ مِنْ عِلْمٍ ۖ إِنْ يَتَّبِعُونَ إِلَّا الظَّنَّ ۖ وَإِنَّ الظَّنَّ لَا يُغْنِي مِنَ الْحَقِّ شَيْئًا٢٨
53:28 although they have no knowledge (in support) of this. They follow nothing but (inherited) assumptions. And surely assumptions can in no way replace the truth.
فَأَعْرِضْ عَنْ مَنْ تَوَلَّىٰ عَنْ ذِكْرِنَا وَلَمْ يُرِدْ إِلَّا الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا٢٩
53:29 So ( O' Prophet ﷺ) ignore the ones who turn away from Our reminder (the Quran), and desire only the life of this world.
ذَٰلِكَ مَبْلَغُهُمْ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ ۚ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَنْ ضَلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِهِ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَنِ اهْتَدَىٰ٣٠
53:30 This is the farthest limit of their knowledge. Surely your Lord alone knows best who has strayed away from the path and who has come to guidance.
وَلِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ لِيَجْزِيَ الَّذِينَ أَسَاءُوا بِمَا عَمِلُوا وَيَجْزِيَ الَّذِينَ أَحْسَنُوا بِالْحُسْنَى٣١
53:31 To Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth. He will punish those who do evil in accordance with their deeds, and He will bestow rewards on those who are righteous.
الَّذِينَ يَجْتَنِبُونَ كَبَائِرَ الْإِثْمِ وَالْفَوَاحِشَ إِلَّا اللَّمَمَ ۚ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ وَاسِعُ الْمَغْفِرَةِ ۚ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِكُمْ إِذْ أَنْشَأَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ وَإِذْ أَنْتُمْ أَجِنَّةٌ فِي بُطُونِ أُمَّهَاتِكُمْ ۖ فَلَا تُزَكُّوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ ۖ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَنِ اتَّقَىٰ٣٢
53:32 (For) those who avoid major sins and indecencies, the small faults are excepted; surely, for them your Lord will have abundant forgiveness. He knows you well ever since He created you from the earth and ever since you were embryos in your mothers' wombs. So do not attest to your own virtues; He knows best those who are mindful of Him.
The above verse indicates that self proclamation of virtue is not a desirable thing. A man should always seek Allah's (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) forgiveness for his sins known to him and those that are not known to him.
أَفَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي تَوَلَّىٰ٣٣
53:33 Have you seen the one who turned away (from Islam)
This verse is reported to be related to one Waleed bin Mugheerah, who wanted to accept Islam but someone promised him to take the punishment on his behalf for certain amount of money. Thus he gave him part of the promised money and turned away from Islam.
وَأَعْطَىٰ قَلِيلًا وَأَكْدَىٰ٣٤
53:34 He gave a little from the promised amount then stopped.
أَعِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ الْغَيْبِ فَهُوَ يَرَىٰ٣٥
53:35 Does he have the knowledge of the unseen so that he sees (the Hereafter)?
أَمْ لَمْ يُنَبَّأْ بِمَا فِي صُحُفِ مُوسَىٰ٣٦
53:36 Does he not have any knowledge of what is (revealed) in the book of Musa (عليه السلام),
وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ الَّذِي وَفَّىٰ٣٧
53:37 and (that of) Ibrahim (عليه السلام), who fulfilled (his covenant),
أَلَّا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَىٰ٣٨
53:38 that none shall bear the burden of another;
وَأَنْ لَيْسَ لِلْإِنْسَانِ إِلَّا مَا سَعَىٰ٣٩
53:39 that a human can have nothing except what he strives for,
وَأَنَّ سَعْيَهُ سَوْفَ يُرَىٰ٤٠
53:40 and that (the outcome of) their endeavors will be seen (in their record),
ثُمَّ يُجْزَاهُ الْجَزَاءَ الْأَوْفَىٰ٤١
53:41 then they will be fully rewarded,
وَأَنَّ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ الْمُنْتَهَىٰ٤٢
53:42 and that to your Lord (alone) is the ultimate return (of all things).
وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ أَضْحَكَ وَأَبْكَىٰ٤٣
53:43 And that it is He Who grants laughter and tears,
وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ أَمَاتَ وَأَحْيَا٤٤
53:44 and He who ordains death and life;
وَأَنَّهُ خَلَقَ الزَّوْجَيْنِ الذَّكَرَ وَالْأُنْثَىٰ٤٥
53:45 and that it is He who created the spouses, male and the female,
مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ إِذَا تُمْنَىٰ٤٦
53:46 from a drop of semen when it is emitted.
وَأَنَّ عَلَيْهِ النَّشْأَةَ الْأُخْرَىٰ٤٧
53:47 (Therefore, they should understand that) It is upon Him to bring about re-creation (on the day of Resurrection).
وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ أَغْنَىٰ وَأَقْنَىٰ٤٨
53:48 And it is He, Who grants (provisions to people) in abundance, or just sufficient.
وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ رَبُّ الشِّعْرَىٰ٤٩
53:49 And it is He the Lord of (the star) Sirius ( whom the Makkan Pagans used to worship.)
وَأَنَّهُ أَهْلَكَ عَادًا الْأُولَىٰ٥٠
53:50 He destroyed the (people of) A'ad of the former (era).
وَثَمُودَ فَمَا أَبْقَىٰ٥١
53:51 Then the people of Thamud, sparing no one.
وَقَوْمَ نُوحٍ مِنْ قَبْلُ ۖ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا هُمْ أَظْلَمَ وَأَطْغَىٰ٥٢
53:52 And before (that He destroyed) the people of Nooh (عليه السلام), who were truly far worse in wrongdoing and transgression.
وَالْمُؤْتَفِكَةَ أَهْوَىٰ٥٣
53:53 And He destroyed the overthrown cities (of Sodom and Gomorrah during the time of Prophet Loot - عليه السلام),
فَغَشَّاهَا مَا غَشَّىٰ٥٤
53:54 who were covered by (the punishment with stones) that covered them.
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكَ تَتَمَارَىٰ٥٥
53:55 Then which of the bounties of your Lord will you dispute?
هَٰذَا نَذِيرٌ مِنَ النُّذُرِ الْأُولَىٰ٥٦
53:56 This (Prophet ﷺ) is a Warner, like earlier Prophets.
أَزِفَتِ الْآزِفَةُ٥٧
53:57 The approaching (Hour) has drawn near.
لَيْسَ لَهَا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ كَاشِفَةٌ٥٨
53:58 None but Allah can disclose it.
أَفَمِنْ هَٰذَا الْحَدِيثِ تَعْجَبُونَ٥٩
53:59 (O' Disbelievers) Do you find this revelation astonishing,
وَتَضْحَكُونَ وَلَا تَبْكُونَ٦٠
53:60 and (you are) laughing instead of weeping,
وَأَنْتُمْ سَامِدُونَ٦١
53:61 and persisting in heedlessness?
فَاسْجُدُوا لِلَّهِ وَاعْبُدُوا ۩٦٢
53:62 Prostrate yourselves before Allah and worship Him while you can!
The above is the 'verse of Sajda' (آیت سجدہ). If someone is reading it alone, should do prostration (سجدة) alone. If it is read loudly in an audience, the reciter and all the listeners should do 'Prostration of Recitation' (Sajda-e-Tilaawah - سجدة التلاوة) individually.
The Prostration can be done in sitting or standing position. In the Hanafi school of thought, 'Prostration of Recitation' (Sajda-e-Tilaawah - سجدة التلاوة) is obligatory (Fardh). With Shafii and Maliki, it is Sunnah.
It is in Hadith - 'When you have recited a verse requiring Sajdah-e-Tilaawaah, you should go down for Sajdah with Allahu-Akbar and rise from Sajdah with Allahu-Akbar, which may be performed sitting, though it is preferable to prostrate oneself from the standing position. (Abu Dawood)
Have the intention to do Prostration of recitation (سجدة التلاوة). The place where you are reading/reciting Quran should be clean. Turn towards Qibla, say (quietly) Allahu Akbar, go into prostration once, recite the 'Tasbih of Sajdah' 'Subhana Rabbi al-A'alaa' (سبحان ربّي الاعلى ) at least 3 times and raise from the Sajda saying Allahu Akbar.
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