TAFSEER-E-ASEDI
By
Shaikh Mir Asedullah Quadri
سورة الأحقاف
The Dunes
Al-Ahqaaf | Sura # 46 | 35 verses | Makkan
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
In the name of Allah, the Most Compassionate and Most Merciful
حم١
46:1 Ha-meem
'Ha-meem' is known as ‘Solemn Verse' (Ayat-e-Muqatta'at - آیتِ مقطعات).
Fourteen Arabic alphabets have been used, in varied combinations, in 14 ‘Solemn Verses' (Ayaat-e-Muqatta'at - آیاتِ مقطعات) in the form of initials of 29 Chapters (سورة) of holy Quran. Ha-meem ( حم ) is one of them.
Since Quran is 'Mubeen' (الْمُبِينِ); its description is clear and manifest. The meanings of all the verses of Quran, including 'Solemn Verses' (آیاتِ مقطعات) are surely known to its principle addressee, ie., Prophet Mohammad (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم). It is also likely that Prophet Mohammad (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) has informed the meanings of these Verses to some of his Sahabah and Awliya Allah.
We believe in whatever is meant by the 'Solemn Verses' (آیاتِ مقطعات) by Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) and His Apostle Mohammad (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم).
Since we have been commanded to read the Quran carefully and try to understand the significance of every verse of the Quran, we do ponder over these verses. And when we think, by focusing our attention towards Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) and His Apostle Mohammad (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) for guidance, it comes to our mind that the 'Solemn Verses' (آیاتِ مقطعات) are actually the 'Solemn Titles of Prophet Mohammad (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) given by Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) throughout the Quran. Our understanding is based on the fact that Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) has addressed Prophet Mohammad (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) in the Quran by specific names, like Muzzammil (مزمل - O' beloved who covers self in a coverlet), Muddassir (مدثر - O' beloved, who covers self in a bed sheet). With this understanding, it is most likely that Prophet’s (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) other names / titles have been mentioned in Quran by denoting certain initials/alphabets.
تَنْزِيلُ الْكِتَابِ مِنَ اللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَكِيمِ٢
46:2 The revelation of this Book (the Quran) is from Allah, the Almighty, All Wise.
مَا خَلَقْنَا السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ وَأَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى ۚ وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا عَمَّا أُنْذِرُوا مُعْرِضُونَ٣
46:3 We have not created the heavens and the earth and all that is in between them except with truth, and for an appointed term. Yet the unbelievers continue to ignore what they have been warned.
قُلْ أَرَأَيْتُمْ مَا تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ أَرُونِي مَاذَا خَلَقُوا مِنَ الْأَرْضِ أَمْ لَهُمْ شِرْكٌ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ ۖ ائْتُونِي بِكِتَابٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ هَٰذَا أَوْ أَثَارَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ٤
46:4 Say, 'Tell me about what you invoke besides Allah. Show me what (part) of the earth have they created. Do they have any share in the heavens? Bring me a scripture (revealed) before this (the Quran), or some vestige of (divine) knowledge, should you be truthful.'
وَمَنْ أَضَلُّ مِمَّنْ يَدْعُو مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ مَنْ لَا يَسْتَجِيبُ لَهُ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ وَهُمْ عَنْ دُعَائِهِمْ غَافِلُونَ٥
46:5 And who could be more astray than the one who invokes those deities besides Allah, who cannot answer him till the Day of Resurrection, who, in fact, are not even aware that they are being invoked?
وَإِذَا حُشِرَ النَّاسُ كَانُوا لَهُمْ أَعْدَاءً وَكَانُوا بِعِبَادَتِهِمْ كَافِرِينَ٦
46:6 And when (such) people will be gathered together, those (gods) will be their enemies and will disown their worship.
وَإِذَا تُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتُنَا بَيِّنَاتٍ قَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِلْحَقِّ لَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ هَٰذَا سِحْرٌ مُبِينٌ٧
46:7 And when Our clear revelations are recited to them, and the truth (this Quran) reaches them, the disbelievers say : 'This is plain magic!'
أَمْ يَقُولُونَ افْتَرَاهُ ۖ قُلْ إِنِ افْتَرَيْتُهُ فَلَا تَمْلِكُونَ لِي مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا ۖ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا تُفِيضُونَ فِيهِ ۖ كَفَىٰ بِهِ شَهِيدًا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمْ ۖ وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ٨
46:8 Or, do they say that the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) has (himself) fabricated (this Quran)? O Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم), tell them : 'If I have fabricated it myself, then there is nothing that you can do to protect me from the wrath of Allah. He knows fully well what you say about it. Enough is He as a witness between me and you. He is All Forgiving, Most Merciful.'
قُلْ مَا كُنْتُ بِدْعًا مِنَ الرُّسُلِ وَمَا أَدْرِي مَا يُفْعَلُ بِي وَلَا بِكُمْ ۖ إِنْ أَتَّبِعُ إِلَّا مَا يُوحَىٰ إِلَيَّ وَمَا أَنَا إِلَّا نَذِيرٌ مُبِينٌ٩
46:9 Say, 'I am not the first Apostle ever sent, nor do I know what will happen to me or you. I only follow what is revealed to me. and I am not but a manifest Warner.'
قُلْ أَرَأَيْتُمْ إِنْ كَانَ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ وَكَفَرْتُمْ بِهِ وَشَهِدَ شَاهِدٌ مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ عَلَىٰ مِثْلِهِ فَآمَنَ وَاسْتَكْبَرْتُمْ ۖ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ١٠
46:10 When you rejected this Quran, did you ever pause to ponder? What if it really is from Allah? A (learned) witness among the Israelies declared his belief in it, while you displayed arrogance! Indeed, Allah does not guide the nation of evildoers.
وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَوْ كَانَ خَيْرًا مَا سَبَقُونَا إِلَيْهِ ۚ وَإِذْ لَمْ يَهْتَدُوا بِهِ فَسَيَقُولُونَ هَٰذَا إِفْكٌ قَدِيمٌ١١
46:11 The unbelievers say about the believers : 'Had there been any good to believe in the message of the Quran, they (poor Muslims) would not have believed in it before us (because they were strong and wealthy whereas believers were weak and poor).' And since they reject its guidance, they say : 'This is an ancient falsehood.'
وَمِنْ قَبْلِهِ كِتَابُ مُوسَىٰ إِمَامًا وَرَحْمَةً ۚ وَهَٰذَا كِتَابٌ مُصَدِّقٌ لِسَانًا عَرَبِيًّا لِيُنْذِرَ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا وَبُشْرَىٰ لِلْمُحْسِنِينَ١٢
46:12 Yet the Zabur of Musa (عليه السلام) was revealed before it (the Quran) as a guide and a Mercy, and this Quran confirms it in the Arabic language, to warn those who do evil, and brings good news for those who do good.
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا رَبُّنَا اللَّهُ ثُمَّ اسْتَقَامُوا فَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ١٣
46:13 Surely, those who say : 'Our Lord is (only) Allah,' and then stand firm, there shall be no fear for them, nor they shall grieve.
أُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ الْجَنَّةِ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا جَزَاءً بِمَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ١٤
46:14 They are the people of Paradise, there to remain as a reward for what they were doing.
وَوَصَّيْنَا الْإِنْسَانَ بِوَالِدَيْهِ إِحْسَانًا ۖ حَمَلَتْهُ أُمُّهُ كُرْهًا وَوَضَعَتْهُ كُرْهًا ۖ وَحَمْلُهُ وَفِصَالُهُ ثَلَاثُونَ شَهْرًا ۚ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ وَبَلَغَ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً قَالَ رَبِّ أَوْزِعْنِي أَنْ أَشْكُرَ نِعْمَتَكَ الَّتِي أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيَّ وَعَلَىٰ وَالِدَيَّ وَأَنْ أَعْمَلَ صَالِحًا تَرْضَاهُ وَأَصْلِحْ لِي فِي ذُرِّيَّتِي ۖ إِنِّي تُبْتُ إِلَيْكَ وَإِنِّي مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ١٥
46:15 We have made it incumbent upon man to treat his parents with kindness. His mother carried him with difficulty, and went through labor pains. The pregnancy and weaning takes a total period of thirty months. Then when he reaches forty years of age and has attained his full strength (and potential), he says, 'My Lord, instill in me the courage to be grateful for the blessings You have showered upon me and my parents. Inspire me to do good deeds, the deeds that You approve. (My Lord) make my offspring righteous. I turn to You in repentance and I am one of those who submit (to Your will).'
أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ نَتَقَبَّلُ عَنْهُمْ أَحْسَنَ مَا عَمِلُوا وَنَتَجَاوَزُ عَنْ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ فِي أَصْحَابِ الْجَنَّةِ ۖ وَعْدَ الصِّدْقِ الَّذِي كَانُوا يُوعَدُونَ١٦
46:16 They are those from whom We shall accept the best of their deeds and overlook their evil deeds. They will be among the residents of Paradise. True is the promise that has been made to them in this life.
وَالَّذِي قَالَ لِوَالِدَيْهِ أُفٍّ لَكُمَا أَتَعِدَانِنِي أَنْ أُخْرَجَ وَقَدْ خَلَتِ الْقُرُونُ مِنْ قَبْلِي وَهُمَا يَسْتَغِيثَانِ اللَّهَ وَيْلَكَ آمِنْ إِنَّ وَعْدَ اللَّهِ حَقٌّ فَيَقُولُ مَا هَٰذَا إِلَّا أَسَاطِيرُ الْأَوَّلِينَ١٧
46:17 (On the other hand), there is the one (disbelieving child) who says to his parents, 'Oh really, I am fed up with you two! Are you really asking me to believe that I would be restored back to life (after my death)? Generations have passed before me, (and nobody has ever come back)!' His parents invoke Allah´s help and say, 'Woe unto you! Believe it! Allah´s promise is indeed the truth.' But he (does not listen, and) says, 'These are nothing but (old) tales of people long gone.'
أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ حَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقَوْلُ فِي أُمَمٍ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنْسِ ۖ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا خَاسِرِينَ١٨
46:18 Such are the ones who deserve the doom. The decision has been decreed against them, and other jinns and humans (like them) in the generations gone by. Indeed, all of them are losers.
وَلِكُلٍّ دَرَجَاتٌ مِمَّا عَمِلُوا ۖ وَلِيُوَفِّيَهُمْ أَعْمَالَهُمْ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ١٩
46:19 Based on his deeds, each one will have a different status (in Paradise, and in Hell), so that He may fully (and appropriately) compensate them for their deeds. No one will be wronged.
وَيَوْمَ يُعْرَضُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا عَلَى النَّارِ أَذْهَبْتُمْ طَيِّبَاتِكُمْ فِي حَيَاتِكُمُ الدُّنْيَا وَاسْتَمْتَعْتُمْ بِهَا فَالْيَوْمَ تُجْزَوْنَ عَذَابَ الْهُونِ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَسْتَكْبِرُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ وَبِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَفْسُقُونَ٢٠
46:20 On the Day when those who disbelieved will be exposed to the fire (it will be said) : 'You received your good things in the life of the world, and you took your pleasure in it. Now this Day you shall get the retribution of humiliation because you were arrogant in the land without a right, and because you used to rebel and disobey (Allah).'
وَاذْكُرْ أَخَا عَادٍ إِذْ أَنْذَرَ قَوْمَهُ بِالْأَحْقَافِ وَقَدْ خَلَتِ النُّذُرُ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِ أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا اللَّهَ إِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمْ عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ٢١
46:21 And remember (Hood عليه السلام), the brother of A'ad, when he warned his people in the curved sand-hills (located in the southern part of Arabian Peninsula). Surely, warners have passed before him and after him (saying) : 'Worship none but Allah. Truly, I fear for you the punishment of a Mighty Day.'
قَالُوا أَجِئْتَنَا لِتَأْفِكَنَا عَنْ آلِهَتِنَا فَأْتِنَا بِمَا تَعِدُنَا إِنْ كُنْتَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ٢٢
46:22 They replied, 'Did you come to turn us away from our gods? Then bring us the punishment you promise us, if you are telling the truth.'
قَالَ إِنَّمَا الْعِلْمُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَأُبَلِّغُكُمْ مَا أُرْسِلْتُ بِهِ وَلَٰكِنِّي أَرَاكُمْ قَوْمًا تَجْهَلُونَ٢٣
46:23 Prophet Hood (عليه السلام) said : 'The Knowledge of when it is going to come is only with Allah. I am only conveying the Message with which I have been sent, however, I can see that you are ignorant people.'
فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهُ عَارِضًا مُسْتَقْبِلَ أَوْدِيَتِهِمْ قَالُوا هَٰذَا عَارِضٌ مُمْطِرُنَا ۚ بَلْ هُوَ مَا اسْتَعْجَلْتُمْ بِهِ ۖ رِيحٌ فِيهَا عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ٢٤
46:24 Then, when they saw it (punishment) as a dense cloud coming towards their valleys, they said : 'This cloud will bring us rain.' Nay, but it is that (punishment) which you were asking to be hastened! It is a wind, in it, is a painful punishment!
تُدَمِّرُ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ بِأَمْرِ رَبِّهَا فَأَصْبَحُوا لَا يُرَىٰ إِلَّا مَسَاكِنُهُمْ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الْقَوْمَ الْمُجْرِمِينَ٢٥
46:25 It is going to destroy everything by the command of its Lord. Consequently by the morning, there was nothing to be seen except the ruins of their dwellings. That was the retribution of those guilty people.
وَلَقَدْ مَكَّنَّاهُمْ فِيمَا إِنْ مَكَّنَّاكُمْ فِيهِ وَجَعَلْنَا لَهُمْ سَمْعًا وَأَبْصَارًا وَأَفْئِدَةً فَمَا أَغْنَىٰ عَنْهُمْ سَمْعُهُمْ وَلَا أَبْصَارُهُمْ وَلَا أَفْئِدَتُهُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ إِذْ كَانُوا يَجْحَدُونَ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَحَاقَ بِهِمْ مَا كَانُوا بِهِ يَسْتَهْزِئُونَ٢٦
46:26 And indeed We had firmly established them much better than We have established you (O' People of Makkah)! And We had assigned for them hearing, seeing, and hearts. But their hearing, seeing and their hearts availed them nothing since they used to deny the revelations of Allah, and they were completely encircled by that which they used to mock at.
وَلَقَدْ أَهْلَكْنَا مَا حَوْلَكُمْ مِنَ الْقُرَىٰ وَصَرَّفْنَا الْآيَاتِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ٢٧
46:27 We have destroyed the towns which once flourished around you and We repeatedly sent them Our revelations so that they may turn to the Right Path.
فَلَوْلَا نَصَرَهُمُ الَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُوا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ قُرْبَانًا آلِهَةً ۖ بَلْ ضَلُّوا عَنْهُمْ ۚ وَذَٰلِكَ إِفْكُهُمْ وَمَا كَانُوا يَفْتَرُونَ٢٨
46:28 Then Why did not those whom they worshiped besides Allah help them who they regarded as a means of attaining nearness to Him? But those deities utterly forsook them, because those were nothing but their lies and their false inventions.
وَإِذْ صَرَفْنَا إِلَيْكَ نَفَرًا مِنَ الْجِنِّ يَسْتَمِعُونَ الْقُرْآنَ فَلَمَّا حَضَرُوهُ قَالُوا أَنْصِتُوا ۖ فَلَمَّا قُضِيَ وَلَّوْا إِلَىٰ قَوْمِهِمْ مُنْذِرِينَ٢٩
46:29 And recall the time (O' Prophet ﷺ) when We turned a small group of jinns towards you to hear the Quran (being recited). As they came closer, they said (to each other), 'Be quiet and listen attentively.' When the recitation ended they went back to their people to warn them.
In the Tafseer of this verse many Sahabah and Taba'een related that this incident took place in the valley of Nakhlah, during the Prophet’s (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) return journey from Taif to Makkah. On the way he halted at Nakhlah, and was reciting the Quran when a group of the jinns happened to pass by and stopped to listen to the Quran.
This incident happened during Prophet's (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) stay in Makka. After this several other delegations of Jinns visited the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) and learned Islam from him.
قَالُوا يَا قَوْمَنَا إِنَّا سَمِعْنَا كِتَابًا أُنْزِلَ مِنْ بَعْدِ مُوسَىٰ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ يَهْدِي إِلَى الْحَقِّ وَإِلَىٰ طَرِيقٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ٣٠
46:30 They said, 'Our people, We have heard a Book revealed after Musa (عليه السلام) confirming what came before it. It guides to the truth and the Straight Path.
يَا قَوْمَنَا أَجِيبُوا دَاعِيَ اللَّهِ وَآمِنُوا بِهِ يَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ مِنْ ذُنُوبِكُمْ وَيُجِرْكُمْ مِنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ٣١
46:31 O' our people! Respond to the one ( the Prophet ﷺ ) calling towards Allah, and believe in him! (Allah) will forgive your sins; and He will spare you from the painful punishment.'
وَمَنْ لَا يُجِبْ دَاعِيَ اللَّهِ فَلَيْسَ بِمُعْجِزٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ مِنْ دُونِهِ أَوْلِيَاءُ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ فِي ضَلَالٍ مُبِينٍ٣٢
46:32 And whoever does not respond to Allah’s caller ( the Prophet ﷺ ), he cannot find any friends or protectors to guard him against (Allah). Those people are in clear error.'
أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّ اللَّهَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَلَمْ يَعْيَ بِخَلْقِهِنَّ بِقَادِرٍ عَلَىٰ أَنْ يُحْيِيَ الْمَوْتَىٰ ۚ بَلَىٰ إِنَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ٣٣
46:33 Do they not see that Allah, Who created the heavens and the earth and was not tired by their creation, has the power to raise the dead to life? Why not! Surely He has the power over all things.
وَيَوْمَ يُعْرَضُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا عَلَى النَّارِ أَلَيْسَ هَٰذَا بِالْحَقِّ ۖ قَالُوا بَلَىٰ وَرَبِّنَا ۚ قَالَ فَذُوقُوا الْعَذَابَ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَكْفُرُونَ٣٤
46:34 The day the unbelievers will stand before the Fire, (they will be asked) 'Is this not the reality?' They will answer, 'In truth, by our Lord!' It will be said, 'Then taste the torment of what you had denied.'
فَاصْبِرْ كَمَا صَبَرَ أُولُو الْعَزْمِ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ وَلَا تَسْتَعْجِلْ لَهُمْ ۚ كَأَنَّهُمْ يَوْمَ يَرَوْنَ مَا يُوعَدُونَ لَمْ يَلْبَثُوا إِلَّا سَاعَةً مِنْ نَهَارٍ ۚ بَلَاغٌ ۚ فَهَلْ يُهْلَكُ إِلَّا الْقَوْمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ٣٥
46:35 Therefore, bear with them with patience (O' Apostle ﷺ), as did the resolute Apostles before you, and do not be in haste about them. On the Day when they shall see that, which they are being threatened with, their life on earth will seem to them as if they had lived no more than an hour of a day. The Message of forewarning has been conveyed. Now, who else would face destruction, if not the nation of evil doers, the rebels?
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