TAFSEER-E-ASEDI
By
Shaikh Mir Asedullah Quadri
سورة ابراهيم
Ibrahim
Ibrahim | Sura # 14 | 52 verses | Makkan
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
In the name of Allah, the Most Compassionate and Most Merciful
الر ۚ كِتَابٌ أَنْزَلْنَاهُ إِلَيْكَ لِتُخْرِجَ النَّاسَ مِنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِمْ إِلَىٰ صِرَاطِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ١
14:1 Alif-Laam-Ra. This is a Book which We have revealed to you so that you may bring mankind out of the darknesses (of disbelief and evil) to the light (of faith). (And) by the command of their Lord, (guide them) to the path of the Praiseworthy Almighty.
الر [ Alif-Laam-Ra ] - 'Alif-Laam-Ra' is known as ‘Solemn Verse' (Ayat-e-Muqatta'at - آیتِ مقطعات).
Fourteen Arabic alphabets have been used, in varied combinations, in 14 ‘Solemn Verses' (Ayaat-e-Muqatta'at - آیاتِ مقطعات) in the form of initials of 29 Chapters (سورة) of holy Quran. Alif-Laam-Ra (الر) is one of them.
Since Quran is 'Mubeen' (الْمُبِينِ); its description is clear and manifest. The meanings of all the verses of Quran, including 'Solemn Verses' (آیاتِ مقطعات) are surely known to its principle addressee, ie., Prophet Mohammad (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم). It is also likely that Prophet Mohammad (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) has informed the meanings of these Verses to some of his Sahabah and Awliya Allah.
We believe in whatever is meant by the 'Solemn Verses' (آیاتِ مقطعات) by Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) and His Apostle Mohammad (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم).
Since we have been commanded to read the Quran carefully and try to understand the significance of every verse of the Quran, we do ponder over these verses. And when we think, by focusing our attention towards Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) and His Apostle Mohammad (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) for guidance, it comes to our mind that the 'Solemn Verses' (آیاتِ مقطعات) are actually the 'Solemn Titles of Prophet Mohammad (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) given by Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) throughout the Quran. Our understanding is based on the fact that Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) has addressed Prophet Mohammad (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) in the Quran by specific names, like Muzzammil (مزمل - O' beloved who covers self in a coverlet), Muddassir (مدثر - O' beloved, who covers self in a bed sheet). With this understanding, it is most likely that Prophet’s (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) other names / titles have been mentioned in Quran by denoting certain initials/alphabets.
What is the meaning of 'darknesses' (الظُّلُمَاتِ). And what is the meaning of 'light' (النُّورِ). It means that all the religions and deviant sects among Muslims in the world are not truthful, these are darknesses, except Islam (Sahih Iman) which is the light of truthful faith. And the salvation depends upon truthful faith.
اللَّهِ الَّذِي لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ ۗ وَوَيْلٌ لِلْكَافِرِينَ مِنْ عَذَابٍ شَدِيدٍ٢
14:2 (This is the path of) Allah, to whom belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. And woe to the disbelievers for a severe torment.
الَّذِينَ يَسْتَحِبُّونَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا عَلَى الْآخِرَةِ وَيَصُدُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَيَبْغُونَهَا عِوَجًا ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ فِي ضَلَالٍ بَعِيدٍ٣
14:3 Those who prefer the life of this world to the Hereafter, and stop (others) from the way of Allah, and seek to make it (look) crooked. They are in extreme error.
وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ رَسُولٍ إِلَّا بِلِسَانِ قَوْمِهِ لِيُبَيِّنَ لَهُمْ ۖ فَيُضِلُّ اللَّهُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۚ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ٤
14:4 We did not send any Apostle except with the language of his people, so that he might make (Our messages) clear to them. Then Allah leads astray whomever He wishes, and He guides whomever He wishes, and He is the Almighty, All Wise.
وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا مُوسَىٰ بِآيَاتِنَا أَنْ أَخْرِجْ قَوْمَكَ مِنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ وَذَكِّرْهُمْ بِأَيَّامِ اللَّهِ ۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِكُلِّ صَبَّارٍ شَكُورٍ٥
14:5 Certainly We sent Musa (عليه السلام) with Our signs (and commanded him) ‘Bring your people out of darkness into light and remind them of the days of Allah. There are indeed signs in that for every patient and grateful (servant).’
Musa (عليه السلام) was given the responsibility to bring his people out of the darkness of disbelief into the light of Iman and to explain the ups and downs in the life of the people and the changes around them. These are all the days of Allah that keep on changing on His command. Surely, there were signs for the patient and grateful servants.
وَإِذْ قَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوْمِهِ اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ أَنْجَاكُمْ مِنْ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ يَسُومُونَكُمْ سُوءَ الْعَذَابِ وَيُذَبِّحُونَ أَبْنَاءَكُمْ وَيَسْتَحْيُونَ نِسَاءَكُمْ ۚ وَفِي ذَٰلِكُمْ بَلَاءٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ عَظِيمٌ٦
14:6 So Musa (عليه السلام) said to his people : 'Remember the favors of Allah when He saved you from the people of Pharaoh who afflicted you with oppression, slaying your sons but keeping your women alive, which was a great trial from your Lord.'
وَإِذْ تَأَذَّنَ رَبُّكُمْ لَئِنْ شَكَرْتُمْ لَأَزِيدَنَّكُمْ ۖ وَلَئِنْ كَفَرْتُمْ إِنَّ عَذَابِي لَشَدِيدٌ٧
14:7 And remember when your Lord proclaimed, ‘If you are grateful, I will surely enhance you (in blessing), but if you are ungrateful, My punishment is indeed severe.’
وَقَالَ مُوسَىٰ إِنْ تَكْفُرُوا أَنْتُمْ وَمَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعًا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَغَنِيٌّ حَمِيدٌ٨
14:8 And Musa (عليه السلام) said : 'What if you and all the people of the world deny, Allah is unconcerned about it and is indeed praiseworthy.
أَلَمْ يَأْتِكُمْ نَبَأُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ قَوْمِ نُوحٍ وَعَادٍ وَثَمُودَ ۛ وَالَّذِينَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ ۛ لَا يَعْلَمُهُمْ إِلَّا اللَّهُ ۚ جَاءَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ فَرَدُّوا أَيْدِيَهُمْ فِي أَفْوَاهِهِمْ وَقَالُوا إِنَّا كَفَرْنَا بِمَا أُرْسِلْتُمْ بِهِ وَإِنَّا لَفِي شَكٍّ مِمَّا تَدْعُونَنَا إِلَيْهِ مُرِيبٍ٩
14:9 Has there not come to you the news of those who were before you, the people of Nooh (عليه السلام), ʿAa'd and Thamūd, and those who were after them, whom no one knows except Allah? Their Apostles brought them manifest proofs, but they did not respond to them and said, ‘We disbelieve in what you have been sent with. Indeed we have grave doubts concerning that you invite us.’
قَالَتْ رُسُلُهُمْ أَفِي اللَّهِ شَكٌّ فَاطِرِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۖ يَدْعُوكُمْ لِيَغْفِرَ لَكُمْ مِنْ ذُنُوبِكُمْ وَيُؤَخِّرَكُمْ إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى ۚ قَالُوا إِنْ أَنْتُمْ إِلَّا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُنَا تُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تَصُدُّونَا عَمَّا كَانَ يَعْبُدُ آبَاؤُنَا فَأْتُونَا بِسُلْطَانٍ مُبِينٍ١٠
14:10 Their Apostles said : 'Can there be doubt about Allah, the originator (creator) of the heavens and the earth? He calls you to forgive some of your sins, and give you respite for a time ordained.' They said : 'You are only men like us, and yet you wish to turn us away from what our fathers worshiped. Bring to us then a clear proof.'
قَالَتْ لَهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ إِنْ نَحْنُ إِلَّا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُكُمْ وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَمُنُّ عَلَىٰ مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ ۖ وَمَا كَانَ لَنَا أَنْ نَأْتِيَكُمْ بِسُلْطَانٍ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ۚ وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ١١
14:11 Their apostles told them, 'Indeed we are human beings like yourselves; but Allah favors whomever of His servants He wishes. It is not (our work) to bring a miracle except by Allah’s permission, and in Allah let all the believers put their trust.
وَمَا لَنَا أَلَّا نَتَوَكَّلَ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَقَدْ هَدَانَا سُبُلَنَا ۚ وَلَنَصْبِرَنَّ عَلَىٰ مَا آذَيْتُمُونَا ۚ وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُتَوَكِّلُونَ١٢
14:12 And why should we not put our trust in Allah, seeing that He has guided us in our ways? Surely, we will bear patiently with whatever harm you may cause, and in Allah let all the trusting put their trust.'
وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِرُسُلِهِمْ لَنُخْرِجَنَّكُمْ مِنْ أَرْضِنَا أَوْ لَتَعُودُنَّ فِي مِلَّتِنَا ۖ فَأَوْحَىٰ إِلَيْهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ لَنُهْلِكَنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ١٣
14:13 And those who disbelieved said to their Apostles, 'We will surely drive you out of our land, or you must return to our religion.' So their Lord revealed to the Apostles, 'We will surely annihilate the wrongdoers.'
وَلَنُسْكِنَنَّكُمُ الْأَرْضَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَنْ خَافَ مَقَامِي وَخَافَ وَعِيدِ١٤
14:14 And surely We will settle you in the land after them. This (promise) is for someone who fears standing in My presence and afraid of My warnings. '
وَاسْتَفْتَحُوا وَخَابَ كُلُّ جَبَّارٍ عَنِيدٍ١٥
14:15 Then (the Apostles) supplicated for Allah's assistance and every arrogant (disbelieving) tyrant was frustrated,
مِنْ وَرَائِهِ جَهَنَّمُ وَيُسْقَىٰ مِنْ مَاءٍ صَدِيدٍ١٦
14:16 with Hell lying ahead of him, (where) he shall be given to drink boiling, festering water,
يَتَجَرَّعُهُ وَلَا يَكَادُ يُسِيغُهُ وَيَأْتِيهِ الْمَوْتُ مِنْ كُلِّ مَكَانٍ وَمَا هُوَ بِمَيِّتٍ ۖ وَمِنْ وَرَائِهِ عَذَابٌ غَلِيظٌ١٧
14:17 (which he will be) gulping it down, but hardly swallowing it. Death will assail him from every side, but he will not die, and there is (yet) a harsh punishment ahead of him.
مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِرَبِّهِمْ ۖ أَعْمَالُهُمْ كَرَمَادٍ اشْتَدَّتْ بِهِ الرِّيحُ فِي يَوْمٍ عَاصِفٍ ۖ لَا يَقْدِرُونَ مِمَّا كَسَبُوا عَلَىٰ شَيْءٍ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ هُوَ الضَّلَالُ الْبَعِيدُ١٨
14:18 The example of those who disbelieve in their Lord is (that) their deeds are like ashes which the wind blows forcefully on a stormy day; they are unable (to keep) from what they earned a (single) thing. (What they have done) is a manifest error.
أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ بِالْحَقِّ ۚ إِنْ يَشَأْ يُذْهِبْكُمْ وَيَأْتِ بِخَلْقٍ جَدِيدٍ١٩
14:19 Do you not see that Allah has created the heavens and the earth with truth. If He so wills He could take you away from the earth and raise a new creation (in your place).
وَمَا ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ بِعَزِيزٍ٢٠
14:20 This is well within the power of Allah.
وَبَرَزُوا لِلَّهِ جَمِيعًا فَقَالَ الضُّعَفَاءُ لِلَّذِينَ اسْتَكْبَرُوا إِنَّا كُنَّا لَكُمْ تَبَعًا فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ مُغْنُونَ عَنَّا مِنْ عَذَابِ اللَّهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ ۚ قَالُوا لَوْ هَدَانَا اللَّهُ لَهَدَيْنَاكُمْ ۖ سَوَاءٌ عَلَيْنَا أَجَزِعْنَا أَمْ صَبَرْنَا مَا لَنَا مِنْ مَحِيصٍ٢١
14:21 When they will all appear before Allah together, the weak will say to those who were arrogant : 'We were your followers, so can you now save us a little from Allah's punishment?' They will say : 'If we had been guided by Allah we would surely have shown you the way. To lament or endure is all the same to us now. There is no getting away for us now.
وَقَالَ الشَّيْطَانُ لَمَّا قُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَعَدَكُمْ وَعْدَ الْحَقِّ وَوَعَدْتُكُمْ فَأَخْلَفْتُكُمْ ۖ وَمَا كَانَ لِيَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْ سُلْطَانٍ إِلَّا أَنْ دَعَوْتُكُمْ فَاسْتَجَبْتُمْ لِي ۖ فَلَا تَلُومُونِي وَلُومُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ ۖ مَا أَنَا بِمُصْرِخِكُمْ وَمَا أَنْتُمْ بِمُصْرِخِيَّ ۖ إِنِّي كَفَرْتُ بِمَا أَشْرَكْتُمُونِ مِنْ قَبْلُ ۗ إِنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ٢٢
14:22 When the matter is all over, Satan will say, 'Indeed Allah made you a promise that was true and I (too) made you a promise, but I failed you. I had no authority over you, except that I called you and you responded to me. So do not blame me, but blame yourselves. I cannot respond to your distress calls, neither can you respond to my distress calls. Indeed I disavow your taking me for (Allah’s) partner earlier. There is indeed a painful punishment for the wrongdoers.'
وَأُدْخِلَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِمْ ۖ تَحِيَّتُهُمْ فِيهَا سَلَامٌ٢٣
14:23 And those who believed and did good deeds shall be made to enter gardens, beneath which rivers flow, abiding there in (for ever) with the command of their Lord. Their greetings at the time of their meeting are Peace (be on you).
أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا كَلِمَةً طَيِّبَةً كَشَجَرَةٍ طَيِّبَةٍ أَصْلُهَا ثَابِتٌ وَفَرْعُهَا فِي السَّمَاءِ٢٤
14:24 Have you not regarded how Allah has drawn a parable? A good word is like a good tree: its roots are steady and its branches are in the sky.
تُؤْتِي أُكُلَهَا كُلَّ حِينٍ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهَا ۗ وَيَضْرِبُ اللَّهُ الْأَمْثَالَ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ٢٥
14:25 It gives its fruit at all times by the command of its Lord and Allah presents examples for the people that they may understand.
وَمَثَلُ كَلِمَةٍ خَبِيثَةٍ كَشَجَرَةٍ خَبِيثَةٍ اجْتُثَّتْ مِنْ فَوْقِ الْأَرْضِ مَا لَهَا مِنْ قَرَارٍ٢٦
14:26 And the parable of an evil word is that of an evil tree, uprooted from the earth, having no stability.
يُثَبِّتُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِالْقَوْلِ الثَّابِتِ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ ۖ وَيُضِلُّ اللَّهُ الظَّالِمِينَ ۚ وَيَفْعَلُ اللَّهُ مَا يَشَاءُ٢٧
14:27 Allah keeps the believers firm on the word of truth in the life of this world and the Hereafter, and Allah leads astray the wrong doers, and Allah does what He pleases.
أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَتَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ٢٨
14:28 Have you not looked at those who repaid Allah's favors with ingratitude; who pulled their people down to ruin,
جَهَنَّمَ يَصْلَوْنَهَا ۖ وَبِئْسَ الْقَرَارُ٢٩
14:29 (and) Hell, where they will roast in the fire? And what an evil repository!
وَجَعَلُوا لِلَّهِ أَنْدَادًا لِيُضِلُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِهِ ۗ قُلْ تَمَتَّعُوا فَإِنَّ مَصِيرَكُمْ إِلَى النَّارِ٣٠
14:30 They have attributed to Allah His equals to mislead people from His path. Tell them : 'Enjoy yourselves (for the time being). In the end you have to go to Hell.'
قُلْ لِعِبَادِيَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا يُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَيُنْفِقُوا مِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ سِرًّا وَعَلَانِيَةً مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ يَوْمٌ لَا بَيْعٌ فِيهِ وَلَا خِلَالٌ٣١
14:31 Tell My servants who have believed to establish Salah and to spend out of what We have given them, secretly and openly before there comes a day on which there will be neither any bargaining nor friendship.
اللَّهُ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَأَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَأَخْرَجَ بِهِ مِنَ الثَّمَرَاتِ رِزْقًا لَكُمْ ۖ وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ الْفُلْكَ لِتَجْرِيَ فِي الْبَحْرِ بِأَمْرِهِ ۖ وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ الْأَنْهَارَ٣٢
14:32 It is Allah who created the heavens and the earth, and He sends down water from the sky and with it He brings forth crops for your sustenance and subjected for you the ships to sail through the sea by His command and subjected for you the rivers.
وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ دَائِبَيْنِ ۖ وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ٣٣
14:33 And He subjected for you the sun and the moon continuous (in orbit), and subjected for you the night and the day.
وَآتَاكُمْ مِنْ كُلِّ مَا سَأَلْتُمُوهُ ۚ وَإِنْ تَعُدُّوا نِعْمَتَ اللَّهِ لَا تُحْصُوهَا ۗ إِنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ لَظَلُومٌ كَفَّارٌ٣٤
14:34 And He gave you all that you had asked Him (as per the exigency of your nature). If you enumerate Allah’s blessings, you will not be able to count them. Indeed man is most unfair and ungrateful!
وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ رَبِّ اجْعَلْ هَٰذَا الْبَلَدَ آمِنًا وَاجْنُبْنِي وَبَنِيَّ أَنْ نَعْبُدَ الْأَصْنَامَ٣٥
14:35 When Ibrahim (عليه السلام) said, ‘My Lord! Make this city (Makka) a sanctuary, and save me and my children from worshiping idols.
رَبِّ إِنَّهُنَّ أَضْلَلْنَ كَثِيرًا مِنَ النَّاسِ ۖ فَمَنْ تَبِعَنِي فَإِنَّهُ مِنِّي ۖ وَمَنْ عَصَانِي فَإِنَّكَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ٣٦
14:36 My Lord! Indeed they have misled many people. So whoever follows me indeed belongs to me, and as for someone who disobeys me, well, You are indeed All Forgiving, Most Merciful.
رَبَّنَا إِنِّي أَسْكَنْتُ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِي بِوَادٍ غَيْرِ ذِي زَرْعٍ عِنْدَ بَيْتِكَ الْمُحَرَّمِ رَبَّنَا لِيُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ فَاجْعَلْ أَفْئِدَةً مِنَ النَّاسِ تَهْوِي إِلَيْهِمْ وَارْزُقْهُمْ مِنَ الثَّمَرَاتِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَشْكُرُونَ٣٧
14:37 I have settled some of my children, O Lord, in a barren valley near Your sacred House so that, O our Lord, they may be constant in devotion. So put in the hearts of men some kindness for them, and provide fruits for them so that they may be grateful.
The above supplication was made by Ibrahim (عليه السلام) when he left his wife and infant son Ismail (عليهم السلام) in the valley between Safa and Marwa hillocks near Ka'ba. This was years before he built K'aba along with his grown up son Ismail (عليه السلام).
The verse also confirms that the foundations of the building of Ka'ab were visible.
It is in Quran - وَإِذْ بَوَّأْنَا لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ مَكَانَ الْبَيْتِ أَن لَّا تُشْرِكْ بِي شَيْئًا وَطَهِّرْ بَيْتِيَ لِلطَّائِفِينَ وَالْقَائِمِينَ وَالرُّكَّعِ السُّجُودِ [ We showed Ibrahim the site of the House, saying, ‘Do not assign partners to Me. Purify My House for those who circumambulate around it, those who stand to pray, and those who bow and prostrate themselves. (Al-Hajj - 26)
Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) says that His house is 'a sanctuary for people. People feel safe when they are in it.
Prior to Islam, even the pagans who abandoned the religion of Ibrahim (عليه السلام) and his descendants, believed in making pilgrimage to the sanctified house. They used to guarantee the safety of those visiting the Ka'ba.
It is in Quran - وَإِذْ جَعَلْنَا الْبَيْتَ مَثَابَةً لِلنَّاسِ وَأَمْنًا وَاتَّخِذُوا مِنْ مَقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مُصَلًّى وَعَهِدْنَا إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ أَنْ طَهِّرَا بَيْتِيَ لِلطَّائِفِينَ وَالْعَاكِفِينَ وَالرُّكَّعِ السُّجُودِ [ And We made the House a place of return and a sanctuary for people, saying, ‘Take the spot where Ibrahimؑ stood as your place of prayer.’ We commanded Ibrahimؑ and Ismailؑ : ‘Purify My House for those who walk round it, those who make it a retreat, and those who bow and prostrate.] (Al-Baqara - 125)
In this verse, Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) commands us to pray at the place where Ibrahim (عليه السلام) stood while raising the wall of Ka'ba. The rock on which Ibrahim (عليه السلام) stood, is still preserved.
Ibrahim and Ismail (عليهم السلام) rebuild Ka'ba and took care of its maintenance as well. Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) commanded them to purify the House (and its surroundings). Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) commanded Ibrahim and Ismail (عليهم السلام) to clean the place for everyone (i) who do Tawaaf, (ii) who take time to retreat, and (iii) who devote themselves for worship for a longer time in bowing and prostrating. It is obvious that Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ) wanted to make Ka'ba a focal point and Qibla for all Muslims of the world.
رَبَّنَا إِنَّكَ تَعْلَمُ مَا نُخْفِي وَمَا نُعْلِنُ ۗ وَمَا يَخْفَىٰ عَلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَا فِي السَّمَاءِ٣٨
14:38 Our Lord! Indeed You know whatever we hide and whatever we disclose, and nothing is hidden from Allah on the earth or in the heavens.
الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي وَهَبَ لِي عَلَى الْكِبَرِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ ۚ إِنَّ رَبِّي لَسَمِيعُ الدُّعَاءِ٣٩
14:39 All praise belongs to Allah, who, despite (my) old age, gave me Ismail (عليه السلام) and Ishaq (عليه السلام). Indeed my Lord hears all supplications.
رَبِّ اجْعَلْنِي مُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةِ وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِي ۚ رَبَّنَا وَتَقَبَّلْ دُعَاءِ٤٠
14:40 O my Lord! make me one who establishes regular Prayer, and also (raise such) among my children O our Lord, and accept my supplication.
رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لِي وَلِوَالِدَيَّ وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَوْمَ يَقُومُ الْحِسَابُ٤١
14:41 'O our Lord, forgive me, my parents and the believers on the Day (when) the reckoning is done.'
In the above verse, Ibrahim (عليه السلام) is praying for protection for himself, his both parents (who were Momineen) and general believers on the Day of Judgment. This Quranic verse shows Azar, who was an Idol worshiper, was the brother of the father of Ibrahim (عليه السلام).
It is in Hadith - Anas Ibn Malik (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ) narrates that one day Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) stood on the pulpit and informed (sahabah) the names of his ancestors:
The Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) said: Ana, Mohammad Ibn Abdullah, bin Abdul Muttalib, bin Hashim, bin Abd Manaf, bin Qusa'i, bin Kilab, bin Ka'b, bin Lu'ayy bin Ghalib bin Fihr, bin Malik, bin an-Nadr, bin Kinanah, bin Khuzaimah, Mudrikah , bin Elias, bin Mudar, bin Nizar, bin Ma'ad, bin Adnan, bin Udad, bin Asha'b, bin Saleh, bin Salooq, bin Hameesa, bin Nabad, bin Khizaar, bin Ismail (عليه السلام), bin Ibrahim (عليه السلام), bin Tariq.
(Baihaqi, Hakim, Ahmed, Ibn Asakir and Ibn Kathir Bidaya wan Nihaya).
Ibn Jarir at-Tabari in his Tafsir and History book has mentioned that Azar was not the father of Ibrahim (عليه السلام). ( History of Tabari, Vol. 1, Page 119. and Tafsir-e-Tabari, Vol. 7, page 158).
Shaikh Mohammad Abdul Qadeer Siddiqui (رحمتہ اللہ علیہ) has written in his Tafseer, Verse 41, Surah Ibrahim that Azar was the brother of the father of Ibrahim (عليه السلام).
وَلَا تَحْسَبَنَّ اللَّهَ غَافِلًا عَمَّا يَعْمَلُ الظَّالِمُونَ ۚ إِنَّمَا يُؤَخِّرُهُمْ لِيَوْمٍ تَشْخَصُ فِيهِ الْأَبْصَارُ٤٢
14:42 And never think that Allah is unaware of what the wrongdoers are doing. He only delays them for a Day when (their) eyes will stare (in horror).
مُهْطِعِينَ مُقْنِعِي رُءُوسِهِمْ لَا يَرْتَدُّ إِلَيْهِمْ طَرْفُهُمْ ۖ وَأَفْئِدَتُهُمْ هَوَاءٌ٤٣
14:43 As they come hurrying on in fear, their necks outstretched, their heads uplifted, their gaze returning not towards them, and their hearts void (in fear)!
وَأَنْذِرِ النَّاسَ يَوْمَ يَأْتِيهِمُ الْعَذَابُ فَيَقُولُ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا رَبَّنَا أَخِّرْنَا إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ قَرِيبٍ نُجِبْ دَعْوَتَكَ وَنَتَّبِعِ الرُّسُلَ ۗ أَوَلَمْ تَكُونُوا أَقْسَمْتُمْ مِنْ قَبْلُ مَا لَكُمْ مِنْ زَوَالٍ٤٤
14:44 And warn the people about the Day when the torment will come upon them. Those who did injustice will say : 'O our Lord, grant us respite for a while so that we may accept Your message and follow the Apostles.’ (But they will be told) 'Are you not those who used to swear before, that you would never fall?
وَسَكَنْتُمْ فِي مَسَاكِنِ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمْ كَيْفَ فَعَلْنَا بِهِمْ وَضَرَبْنَا لَكُمُ الْأَمْثَالَ٤٥
14:45 While you lived in the houses of those who had wronged themselves (before), and it had been made clear to you how We had dealt with them (earlier), and We gave many examples to you?'
وَقَدْ مَكَرُوا مَكْرَهُمْ وَعِنْدَ اللَّهِ مَكْرُهُمْ وَإِنْ كَانَ مَكْرُهُمْ لِتَزُولَ مِنْهُ الْجِبَالُ٤٦
14:46 Mighty indeed were the plots which they made, but their plots were (well) within the sight of Allah, even though they were such as to shake the hills!
فَلَا تَحْسَبَنَّ اللَّهَ مُخْلِفَ وَعْدِهِ رُسُلَهُ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ ذُو انْتِقَامٍ٤٧
14:47 Don't think that Allah would fail his Apostles in His promise: for Allah is Exalted in power, and is the Lord of Retribution.
يَوْمَ تُبَدَّلُ الْأَرْضُ غَيْرَ الْأَرْضِ وَالسَّمَاوَاتُ ۖ وَبَرَزُوا لِلَّهِ الْوَاحِدِ الْقَهَّارِ٤٨
14:48 The day the earth is transformed into another earth and the heavens (as well), and everyone will appear before Allah, the One, the All Supreme.
وَتَرَى الْمُجْرِمِينَ يَوْمَئِذٍ مُقَرَّنِينَ فِي الْأَصْفَادِ٤٩
14:49 On that day you will see the guilty bound together in chains,
سَرَابِيلُهُمْ مِنْ قَطِرَانٍ وَتَغْشَىٰ وُجُوهَهُمُ النَّارُ٥٠
14:50 their garments made of molten (copper) pitch and the Fire covering their faces,
لِيَجْزِيَ اللَّهُ كُلَّ نَفْسٍ مَا كَسَبَتْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَرِيعُ الْحِسَابِ٥١
14:51 So that Allah will give retribution to everyone for what he/she has earned. Indeed, Allah is swift in (taking) account.
هَٰذَا بَلَاغٌ لِلنَّاسِ وَلِيُنْذَرُوا بِهِ وَلِيَعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا هُوَ إِلَٰهٌ وَاحِدٌ وَلِيَذَّكَّرَ أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ٥٢
14:52 This is a message for mankind that they may take a warning from it, and may know that He is the one and only God, and that men of wisdom may reflect.
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